Polysaccharides and Lectins: A Natural Complementary Approach against the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 11]], 'date-time': '2024-04-11T00:31:20Z', 'timestamp': 1712795480890}, 'reference-count': 206, 'publisher': 'MDPI AG', 'issue': '2', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 9]], 'date-time': '2024-04-09T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1712620800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease ' '(COVID-19), has emerged as a global pandemic, with a high toll on casualties, economic ' 'impact, and human lifestyle. Despite the recent approval of various vaccines against the ' 'virus, challenges remain, including the limited availability of these vaccines, the prevalent ' 'rejection of vaccination by a large proportion of the population, and the recurrent ' 'appearance of new variants of the virus due to mutations. This context raises the alarm for ' 'scientists and clinicians to seek alternative and complementary therapies. In this context, ' 'natural products and their derivatives serve as reservoirs for potential therapeutic ' 'compounds that can be exploited in the research and production of antiviral drugs against ' 'COVID-19. Among these substances, lectin and polysaccharides isolated from fauna and flora ' 'emerge as complementary strategies for treating coronavirus infection. The review objective ' 'is to cover and analyze the specific role of polysaccharides and lectins and their synergy in ' 'the fight against this deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus. For this purpose, a primary literature search ' 'was conducted on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Sciences using relevant keywords like ' '“SARS-CoV-2 Variants”; “Antiviral Strategies”; “Antiviral Polysaccharides”; “Antiviral ' 'Lectins”; and “Synergistic effect”. The results demonstrate that lectins and polysaccharides ' 'exhibit antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 via mechanisms related to binding and steric ' 'blocking, the binding of glycan-based decoys, chemical reactions, virus particle disruption ' 'strategies, and steric blocking for competitive inhibition to block SARS-CoV-2 and its ' 'variants’ entry. In addition, this review analyzes the rationale behind combining ' 'polysaccharides and lectins, emphasizing complementary mechanisms of action. By ' 'simultaneously targeting multiple stages of the viral life cycle, this dual strategy aims to ' 'comprehensively inhibit viral propagation and enhance the durability of antiviral strategies ' 'over time.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.3390/microbiolres15020035', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 9]], 'date-time': '2024-04-09T14:08:50Z', 'timestamp': 1712671730000}, 'page': '525-549', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Polysaccharides and Lectins: A Natural Complementary Approach against the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic', 'prefix': '10.3390', 'volume': '15', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Radu', 'family': 'Lefter', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Biomedical Research Center, Romanian Academy, Iași Branch, 8th ' 'Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iași, Romania'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-105X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Prairna', 'family': 'Balyan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, ' 'Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Ioana-Miruna', 'family': 'Balmus', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of ' 'Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of ' 'Iași, 700057 Iași, Romania'}, { 'name': 'CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, Grigore T. Popa ' 'University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University St. 16th, 700115 ' 'Iași, Romania'}]}, { 'given': 'Abdellah', 'family': 'Ech-Chahad', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials, ' 'Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University, ' 'B.P. 539, Settat 26000, Morocco'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4467-5387', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Ahmad', 'family': 'Ali', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, ' 'Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Alin', 'family': 'Ciobica', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza ' 'University of Iași, Bd. Carol I No. 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania'}, { 'name': 'Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iași Branch, ' 'Teodor Codrescu 2, 700481 Iași, Romania'}, { 'name': 'Academy of Romanian Scientists, Str. Splaiul Independentei No. ' '54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-8058', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Antoneta Dacia', 'family': 'Petroaie', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and ' 'Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania'}]}, { 'given': 'Gabriela', 'family': 'Halitchi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Preclinical Department, Apollonia University, Păcurari Street ' '11, 700511 Iași, Romania'}]}, { 'given': 'Bogdan', 'family': 'Novac', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and ' 'Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4979-1057', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Catalina', 'family': 'Ionescu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza ' 'University of Iași, Bd. Carol I No. 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania'}, { 'name': 'Preclinical Department, Apollonia University, Păcurari Street ' '11, 700511 Iași, Romania'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5748-8500', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Fatima Zahra', 'family': 'Kamal', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials, ' 'Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University, ' 'B.P. 539, Settat 26000, Morocco'}, { 'name': 'Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Technical ' '(ISPITS), Marrakech 40000, Morocco'}]}], 'member': '1968', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 9]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '394', 'DOI': '10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0155', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 in Brief: From Virus to Prevention', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Karami', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Osong Public Health Res. 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