Nasal sprays for treating COVID-19: a scientific note
Review of nasal sprays for treatment of COVID-19. Authors note that the nasal epithelium is typically the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and there may be significant advantages for treatments via the nasal route.
Chavda et al., 27 Feb 2023, peer-reviewed, 5 authors.
Contact:
vivek.chavda@lmcp.ac.in, vivek7chavda@gmail.com.
Abstract: Pharmacological Reports
https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-023-00463-7
SPECIAL ISSUE: REVIEW
The Post-COVID Era - Advances and Challenges in Pharmacology
Nasal sprays for treating COVID‑19: a scientific note
Vivek P. Chavda1
· Kajal P. Baviskar2 · Dixa A. Vaghela3 · Shilpa S. Raut4 · Anjali P. Bedse4
Received: 30 October 2022 / Revised: 6 February 2023 / Accepted: 7 February 2023
© The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences 2023
Abstract
Clinical management of COVID-19 has been a daunting task. Due to the lack of specific treatment, vaccines have been
regarded as the first line of defence. Innate responses and cell-mediated systemic immunity, including serum antibodies, have
been the primary focus of practically all studies of the immune response to COVID-19. However, owing to the difficulties
encountered by the conventional route, alternative routes for prophylaxis and therapy became the need of the hour. The first
site invaded by SARS-CoV-2 is the upper respiratory tract. Nasal vaccines are already in different stages of development.
Apart from prophylactic purposes, mucosal immunity can be exploited for therapeutic purposes too. The nasal route for
drug delivery offers many advantages over the conventional route. Besides offering a needle-free delivery, they can be selfadministered. They present less logistical burden as there is no need for refrigeration. The present article focuses on various
aspects of nasal spray for eliminating COVID-19.
Keywords SARS-CoV-2 · Immunity · Nasal route · Nasal vaccine · Nasal spray · Clinical trials · Devices
Abbreviations
ACE2 Angiotensin converting enzyme 2
CD4 Clusters of differentiation 4
cGMP Guanosine mono phosphate
COVID-19 Coronavirus disease-2019
HCoV Human coronavirus
HPMC Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
IgG Immunoglobulin G
IL-2 Interleukin-2
MERS-CoV Middle East respiratory syndrome
coronavirus
* Vivek P. Chavda
vivek.chavda@lmcp.ac.in; Vivek7chavda@gmail.com
1
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical
Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K K Wagh
College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Dr Babasaheb
Ambedkar Technological University, Raigad, Lonere,
Maharashtra 402103, India
3
Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad,
Gujarat 380009, India
4
Department of Pharmaceutics, K K Wagh College
of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar
Technological University, Raigad, Lonere,
Maharashtra 402103, India
mRNA Messenger ribonucleic acid
NC Nasal cycle
NONS Nitric oxide nasal spray
RNA Ribonucleic acid
SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2
URTI Upper respiratory tract infection
chavda
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