Unravelling Vitamin B12 as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2: A computational approach
et al., Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, doi:10.1016/j.imu.2022.100951, Apr 2022
Vitamin A for COVID-19
48th treatment shown to reduce risk in
June 2023, now with p = 0.0052 from 15 studies.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols
combine treatments.
6,200+ studies for
200+ treatments. c19early.org
|
In silico study showing significant interaction with SARS-CoV-2 targets for multiple vitamins.
11 preclinical studies support the efficacy of vitamin A for COVID-19:
Vitamin A has been identified by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as having sufficient evidence for a causal relationship between intake and optimal immune system function11-13.
Vitamin A has potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in both human cell lines and human organoids of the lower respiratory tract (active metabolite all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA)8, is predicted to bind critical host and viral proteins for SARS-CoV-2 and may compensate for gene expression changes related to SARS-CoV-22-4, may be beneficial for COVID-19 via antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects according to network pharmacology analysis5, reduces barrier compromise caused by TNF-α in Calu-3 cells7, inhibits mouse coronavirus replication10, may stimulate innate immunity by activating interferon responses in an IRF3-dependent manner (ATRA)10, may reduce excessive inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-22, shows SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity In Vitro2,6,9 , is effective against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in Calu-3 cells9, and inhibits the entry and replication of SARS-CoV-2 via binding to ACE2 / 3CLpro / RdRp / helicase / 3′-to-5′ exonuclease2.
1.
Voloudakis et al., A genetically based computational drug repurposing framework for rapid identification of candidate compounds: application to COVID-19, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2025.01.10.25320348.
2.
Huang et al., All-trans retinoic acid acts as a dual-purpose inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation, Computers in Biology and Medicine, doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107942.
3.
Chakraborty et al., In-silico screening and in-vitro assay show the antiviral effect of Indomethacin against SARS-CoV-2, Computers in Biology and Medicine, doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105788.
4.
Pandya et al., Unravelling Vitamin B12 as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2: A computational approach, Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, doi:10.1016/j.imu.2022.100951.
5.
Li et al., Revealing the targets and mechanisms of vitamin A in the treatment of COVID-19, Aging, doi:10.18632/aging.103888.
6.
Moatasim et al., Potent Antiviral Activity of Vitamin B12 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus 229E, Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms11112777.
7.
DiGuilio et al., The multiphasic TNF-α-induced compromise of Calu-3 airway epithelial barrier function, Experimental Lung Research, doi:10.1080/01902148.2023.2193637.
8.
Tong et al., A Retinol Derivative Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Interrupting Spike-Mediated Cellular Entry, mBio, doi:10.1128/mbio.01485-22.
9.
Morita et al., All-Trans Retinoic Acid Exhibits Antiviral Effect against SARS-CoV-2 by Inhibiting 3CLpro Activity, Viruses, doi:10.3390/v13081669.
10.
Franco et al., Retinoic Acid-Mediated Inhibition of Mouse Coronavirus Replication Is Dependent on IRF3 and CaMKK, Viruses, doi:10.3390/v16010140.
11.
Galmés et al., Suboptimal Consumption of Relevant Immune System Micronutrients Is Associated with a Worse Impact of COVID-19 in Spanish Populations, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu14112254.
12.
Galmés (B) et al., Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12092738.
13.
EFSA, Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin A and cell differentiation (ID 14), function of the immune system (ID 14), maintenance of skin and mucous membranes (ID 15, 17), maintenance of vision (ID 16), maintenance of bone (ID 13, 17), maintenance of teeth (ID 13, 17), maintenance of hair (ID 17), maintenance of nails (ID 17), metabolism of iron (ID 206), and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 209) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, EFSA Journal, doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1221.
Pandya et al., 20 Apr 2022, peer-reviewed, 9 authors.
In silico studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
Unravelling Vitamin B12 as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2: A computational approach
Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, doi:10.1016/j.imu.2022.100951
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Ethical statement The study does not involve the animals.
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests.
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