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All Studies   All Outcomes    Recent:   

Oral antivirals for COVID-19 among patients with cancer

Guermazi et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3876022/v1
Jan 2024  
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Retrospective 67 cancer outpatients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or molnupiravir, compared to 56 untreated concurrent controls, reporting lower mortality with treatment. However, Figure 3 shows the opposite results for invasive mechanical ventilation, ~2 times higher for the treatment groups versus the control group. The discrepancy suggests that the groups are not comparable in some key aspect such as treatment availability or decisions, baseline conditions, and/or prevalence of non-COVID-19 related death. ECOG ≥2 was much more common for controls vs. treated patients. One possibility is that controls had more advanced existing disease and were more likely to choose not to receive life-sustaining treatments. The higher use of remdesivir for controls may also indicate greater severity and/or more delayed treatment based on prescribing guidelines, and may also contribute to increased mortality due to side effects within a more vulnerable population. Remdesivir shows increased mortality with longer followup c19early.org.
Confounding by contraindication. Hoertel et al. find that over 50% of patients that died had a contraindication for the use of Paxlovid Hoertel. Retrospective studies that do not exclude contraindicated patients may significantly overestimate efficacy.
Black box warning. The FDA notes that "severe, life-threatening, and/or fatal adverse reactions due to drug interactions have been reported in patients treated with paxlovid" FDA.
Study covers molnupiravir and paxlovid.
Guermazi et al., 24 Jan 2024, retrospective, preprint, 5 authors, study period 1 April, 2020 - 1 August, 2023. Contact: dorra_guermazi@brown.edu.
This PaperPaxlovidAll
Oral antivirals for COVID-19 among patients with cancer
Dorra Guermazi, Panos Arvanitis, Kendra Vieira, Jeremy L Warner, Dimitrios Farmakiotis
doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3876022/v1
Purpose: Immunocompromised individuals, such as those diagnosed with cancer, are at a signi cantly higher risk for severe illness and mortality when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) than the general population. Two oral antiviral treatments are approved for COVID-19: Paxlovid® (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) and Lagevrio® (molnupiravir). There is a paucity of data regarding the bene t from these antivirals among immunocompromised patients with cancer, and recent studies have questioned their e cacy among vaccinated patients, even those with risk factors for severe COVID-19. Methods: We evaluated the e cacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir in preventing severe illness and death using our database of 457 patients with cancer and COVID-19 from Brown University-a liated hospitals. 67 patients received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or molnupiravir and were compared to 56 concurrent controls who received no antiviral treatment despite being eligible to receive it. Results: Administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or molnupiravir was associated with improved survival and lower 90-day all-cause and COVID-19-attributed mortality (p<0.05) and with lower peak O2 requirements (ordinal odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% con dence interval [CI] 0.92-2.56). Conclusion: Acknowledging the small size of our sample as a limitation, we concluded that early antiviral treatment might be bene cial to immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with cancer, when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Larger-scale, well-strati ed studies are needed in this patient population.
Declarations Competing Interests DF has received research support from Viracor, Astellas and Merck, and consultant fee from Viracor. All other authors have nothing to disclose. Ethics approval: The study was approved by the Lifespan Institutional Review Board (IRB). The study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Consent to publish: All authors agreed to the publication of the manuscript. Consent to participate: The study was approved by the Lifespan Institutional Review Board (IRB) with a waiver of informed consent given its retrospective design and de-identi ed data. Supplementary Files This is a list of supplementary les associated with this preprint. Click to download. SupplementaryMaterial.pdf
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There is a paucity of data regarding ' 'the benefit from these antivirals among immunocompromised patients with cancer, and recent ' 'studies have questioned their efficacy among vaccinated patients, even those with risk ' 'factors for severe COVID-19.\n' 'Methods:\n' 'We evaluated the efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir in preventing ' 'severe illness and death using our database of 457 patients with cancer and COVID-19 from ' 'Brown University-affiliated hospitals. 67 patients received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or ' 'molnupiravir and were compared to 56 concurrent controls who received no antiviral treatment ' 'despite being eligible to receive it.\n' 'Results:\n' 'Administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or molnupiravir was associated with improved ' 'survival and lower 90-day all-cause and COVID-19-attributed mortality (p&lt;0.05) and with ' 'lower peak O2 requirements (ordinal odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] ' '0.92-2.56).\n' 'Conclusion:\n' 'Acknowledging the small size of our sample as a limitation, we concluded that early antiviral ' 'treatment might be beneficial to immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with ' 'cancer, when infected with SARS-CoV-2. 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