Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchFavipiravirFavipiravir (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Favipiravir versus Standard of Care in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infections: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Almoosa et al., Journal of Infection and Public Health, doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022
Aug 2021  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality -42% Improvement Relative Risk Mortality, day 28 -149% Mortality, day 14 62% ICU admission -90% Recovery time -11% Favipiravir  Almoosa et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with favipiravir beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 226 patients in Saudi Arabia Higher ICU admission with favipiravir (p=0.02) c19early.org Almoosa et al., J. Infection and Publi.., Aug 2021 Favorsfavipiravir Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Retrospective 226 COVID-19 pneumonia patients, 110 treated with favipiravir, showing higher mortality (p=0.1) and ICU admission (p=0.02) with treatment in multivariate analysis.
Potential risks of favipiravir include the creation of dangerous variants, and mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and embryotoxicity1-5.
risk of death, 42.3% higher, RR 1.42, p = 0.10, treatment 33 of 110 (30.0%), control 24 of 116 (20.7%), adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, overall mortality, multivariate binary logistic regression.
risk of death, 149.3% higher, RR 2.49, p = 0.006, treatment 26 of 110 (23.6%), control 11 of 116 (9.5%), day 28.
risk of death, 61.7% lower, RR 0.38, p = 0.11, treatment 4 of 110 (3.6%), control 11 of 116 (9.5%), NNT 17, day 14.
risk of ICU admission, 90.0% higher, OR 1.90, p = 0.02, treatment 110, control 116, adjusted per study, multivariate binary logistic regression, RR approximated with OR.
recovery time, 10.9% higher, relative time 1.11, p = 0.17, treatment 110, control 116.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Almoosa et al., 24 Aug 2021, retrospective, Saudi Arabia, peer-reviewed, 14 authors.
This PaperFavipiravirAll
Favipiravir versus standard of care in patients with severe COVID-19 infections: A retrospective comparative study
MD. Zainab Almoosa, Mustafa Saad, Samer Qara, Mahmoud Mustafa, Ali Mansour, Duaa Alshab, Jehad Alhashem, Sajida Alkhawajah, Saleh Alkhalifah, Mokhtar Almarzooq, Mohammed Alzain, Neda’a Anshasi, Gasmelseed Ahmed, Abbas Al Mutair
Journal of Infection and Public Health, doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Conflict of interest: All authors of the manuscript declared that they have no potential conflicts or competing interests with respect to this research, authorship and/or publication of this article. Authors' contributions: ZA, MS and GA were involved in writing the proposal, design of the data collection form, and implementation of the study, data analysis, and manuscript preparation. The eight resident doctors were involved in data collection. AA conducted the statistical analysis. ZA, MS GA, and SQ contributed to the manuscript writing. All the team was involved the final revision and edit of the final version of the manuscript.
References
Ali Oruc, Oz, Ozturk, Investigation of the disease process and drug combinations in patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 using Favipiravir
Bahadur Shrestha, Budhathoki, Khadka, Prajwol, Shah et al., Favipiravir versus other antiviral or standard of care for COVID-19 treatment: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis, Virology Journal volume
Beigel, Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19-preliminary report, N. Engl. J. Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2007764
Cai, Minghui, Dongjingliu, Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study, Engineering
Cao, Wang, Wen, A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Chen, Chao, Lai, Clinical efficacy and safety of favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, J Infect
Chen, Zhang, Huang, Yin, Cheng et al., Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial, doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432
Doi, Hibino, Hase, Yamamoto, A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Trial of Early versus Late Favipiravir Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Furuta, Komeno, Nakamura, Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase, Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci
Guner, Hasanoglu, Kayaaslan, Aypak, Akinci et al., Comparing ICU admission rates of mild/moderate COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, and hydroxychloroquine plus favipiravir, Journal of Infection and Public Health
Hany, Dabbous, Abd-Elsalam, Manal, El-Sayed et al., Efficacy of favipiravir in COVID-19 treatment: a multicenter randomized study, Archives of Virology volume
Hany, Dabbous, Manal, El-Sayed, Assal et al., Safety and efficacy of favipiravir versus hydroxychloroquine in management of COVID-19: A randomised controlled trial, Scientific Reports volume
Hui, Azhar, Madani, Ntoumi, Kock et al., The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health -The latest 2019 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China, Int J Infect Dis, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009.PMID31953166
Irie, Nakagawa, Fujita, Tamura, Eto et al., Pharmacokinetics of Favipiravir in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19, Clin Transl Sci, doi:10.1111/cts.12827
J O U R N A L P R E, -p r o o f
Khamis, Naabi, Al Lawati, Ambusaidi, Sharji et al., Randomized controlled open label trial on the use of favipiravir combined with inhaled interferon beta-1b in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia, Int J Infect Dis, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.008
Kocayigit, Kezban Ozmen Suner, Tomak, Demir, Observational study of the effects of Favipiravir vs Lopinavir/Ritonavir on clinical outcomes in critically Ill patients with COVID-19, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
Kumar, Kulkarni, Sharma, Rao, Reddy, Favipiravir-induced Liver Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019, Journal of clinical and translational hepatology, doi:10.14218/JCTH.2021.00011
Manosuthi, Jeungsmarn, Okada, Suwanvattana, Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Response among COVID-19 Patients Receiving J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Favipiravir, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.827
Sanders, Phd, Monogue, Tomasz, Jodlowski, Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6019
Solaymani-Dodaran, Ghanei, Moazen, Safety and efficacy of Favipiravir in moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
The, Group, Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 -preliminary report, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2021436
Wu, Early antiviral treatment contributes to alleviate the severity and improve the prognosis of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, J Intern Med
Xu, Zhao, Teng, Abdalla, Zhu et al., Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, Viruses, doi:10.3390/v12020244
Zarir, Udwadia, Pawansingh, Hanmantbarkate, Patil et al., MonikaTandon. Efficacy and safety of favipiravir, an oral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, in mild-to-moderate COVID-19: A randomized, comparative, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial, International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Zhang, Clinical characteristics of different subtypes and risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China, Infectious Diseases of Poverty volume
Zhao, Sokhansanj, Malhotra, Zheng, Rosen, Genetic grouping of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus sequences using informative subtype markers for pandemic spread visualization, PLOS Comp-Biology, doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008269
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 8]], 'date-time': '2023-11-08T00:31:13Z', 'timestamp': 1699403473532}, 'reference-count': 31, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'issue': '9', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 1]], 'date-time': '2021-09-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1630454400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 8, 23]], 'date-time': '2021-08-23T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1629676800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'clinicalkey.fr', 'clinicalkey.jp', 'clinicalkey.es', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'clinicalkey.com', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 8, 24]], 'date-time': '2021-08-24T02:59:54Z', 'timestamp': 1629773994000}, 'page': '1247-1253', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 10, 'title': 'Favipiravir versus standard of care in patients with severe COVID-19 infections: A retrospective ' 'comparative study', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'volume': '14', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8918-7099', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Zainab', 'family': 'Almoosa', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mustafa', 'family': 'Saad', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Samer', 'family': 'Qara', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mahmoud', 'family': 'Mustafa', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ali', 'family': 'Mansour', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Duaa', 'family': 'Alshab', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jehad', 'family': 'Alhashem', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sajida', 'family': 'ALKhawajah', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Saleh', 'family': 'Alkhalifah', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mokhtar', 'family': 'ALmarzooq', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mohammed', 'family': 'ALzain', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Neda’a', 'family': 'Anshasi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Gasmelseed', 'family': 'Ahmed', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Abbas Al', 'family': 'Mutair', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0005', 'unstructured': 'Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it". ' 'World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 28 ' 'February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.'}, { 'issue': 'February', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0010', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '264', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009', 'article-title': 'The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to ' 'global health – the latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, ' 'China', 'volume': '91', 'author': 'Hui', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0015', 'unstructured': 'World Health Organization (WHO) (Press release). 11 March 2020. ' 'Retrieved 12 March 2020.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0020', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1186/s40249-020-00710-6', 'article-title': 'Clinical characteristics of different subtypes and risk factors for the ' 'severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Infect Dis Poverty'}, { 'issue': 'September', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0025', 'article-title': 'Genetic grouping of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus sequences using informative ' 'subtype markers for pandemic spread visualization', 'author': 'Zhao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'PLOS Comp Biol'}, { 'issue': 'February (2)', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0030', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '244', 'DOI': '10.3390/v12020244', 'article-title': 'Systematic comparison of two animal-to-human transmitted human ' 'coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Xu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Viruses'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0035', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1787', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2001282', 'article-title': 'A trial of lopinavir–ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe ' 'Covid-19', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Cao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0040', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '693', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2021436', 'article-title': 'Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 — preliminary ' 'report', 'volume': '384', 'author': 'The RECOVERY Collaborative Group', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '19', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0045', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1813', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2007764', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19-preliminary report', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'Beigel', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0050', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '449', 'DOI': '10.2183/pjab.93.027', 'article-title': 'Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase', 'volume': '93', 'author': 'Furuta', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci'}, { 'issue': 'November', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0055', 'article-title': 'A prospective, randomized, open-label trial of early versus late ' 'favipiravir therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19', 'author': 'Doi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob Agents Chemother'}, { 'issue': 'July', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0060', 'article-title': 'Early antiviral treatment contributes to alleviate the severity and ' 'improve the prognosis of patients with novel coronavirus disease ' '(COVID-19', 'author': 'Wu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Intern Med'}, { 'issue': 'March', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0065', 'article-title': 'Investigation of the disease process and drug combinations in patients ' 'with suspected/confirmed COVID‐19 using Favipiravir', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Oruc', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Pract'}, { 'issue': 'March (3)', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0070', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '365', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.017', 'article-title': 'Comparing ICU admission rates of mild/moderate COVID-19 patients ' 'treated with hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, and hydroxychloroquine ' 'plus favipiravir', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Guner', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Public Health'}, { 'issue': 'December', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0075', 'article-title': 'Clinical efficacy and safety of favipiravir in the treatment of ' 'COVID-19 patients', 'author': 'Chen', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Infect'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0080', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12985-020-01412-z', 'article-title': 'Favipiravir versus other antiviral or standard of care for COVID-19 ' 'treatment: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'Shrestha', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Virol J'}, { 'issue': '13', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0085', 'first-page': '1199', 'article-title': 'Favipiravir versus arbidol for COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'Chen', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0090', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '949', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00705-021-04956-9', 'article-title': 'Efficacy of favipiravir in COVID-19 treatment: a multi-center ' 'randomized study', 'volume': '166', 'author': 'Dabbous', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Arch Virol'}, { 'issue': 'October (10)', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0095', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1192', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007', 'article-title': 'Experimental treatment with favipiravir for COVID-19: an open-label ' 'control study', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Cai', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Engineering'}, { 'issue': 'February', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0100', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '62', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.142', 'article-title': 'Efficacy and safety of favipiravir, an oral RNA-dependent RNA ' 'polymerase inhibitor, in mild-to-moderate COVID-19: a randomized, ' 'comparative, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial', 'volume': '103', 'author': 'Udwadia', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '103', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0105', 'first-page': '62', 'article-title': 'Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load response among COVID-19 patients ' 'receiving favipiravir', 'author': 'Manosuthi', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Jpn J Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0110', 'article-title': 'Safety and efficacy of favipiravir versus hydroxychloroquine in ' 'management of COVID-19: a randomised controlled trial', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Dabbous', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'issue': 'March', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0115', 'article-title': 'Safety and efficacy of Favipiravir in moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 ' 'pneumonia', 'author': 'Solaymani-Dodaran', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int Immunopharmacother'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0120', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '454', 'DOI': '10.1111/jcpt.13305', 'article-title': 'Observational study of the effects of Favipiravir vs ' 'Lopinavir/Ritonavir on clinical outcomes in critically Ill patients ' 'with COVID-19', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'Kocayigit', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Pharm Ther'}, { 'issue': 'January', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0125', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '538', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.008', 'article-title': 'Randomized controlled open label trial on the use of favipiravir ' 'combined with inhaled interferon beta-1b in hospitalized patients with ' 'moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia', 'volume': '102', 'author': 'Khamis', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': 'September (5)', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0130', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '880', 'DOI': '10.1111/cts.12827', 'article-title': 'Pharmacokinetics of Favipiravir in Critically Ill Patients with ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Irie', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Transl Sci'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0135', 'first-page': '276', 'article-title': 'Favipiravir-induced liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease ' '2019', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Kumar', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Transl Hepatol'}, { 'issue': '18', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0140', 'first-page': '1824', 'article-title': 'Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). April ' '13, 2020', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Sanders', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0145', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '722', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00806-5', 'article-title': 'Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today’s ' 'diseases?', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'Savarino', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0150', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1002/prp2.293', 'article-title': 'Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising ' 'strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Al-Bari', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Pharmacol Res Perspect'}, { 'issue': 'May', 'key': '10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022_bib0155', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroqquine or chroquine with or without a macrolide for ' 'treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis', 'author': 'Mehra', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}], 'container-title': 'Journal of Infection and Public Health', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1876034121002410?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1876034121002410?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 7]], 'date-time': '2023-11-07T19:32:44Z', 'timestamp': 1699385564000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1876034121002410'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9]]}, 'references-count': 31, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '9', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['S1876034121002410'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1876-0341'], 'subject': [ 'Infectious Diseases', 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health', 'General Medicine'], 'container-title-short': 'Journal of Infection and Public Health', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Favipiravir versus standard of care in patients with severe COVID-19 ' 'infections: A retrospective comparative study', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, { 'value': 'Journal of Infection and Public Health', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.022', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin ' 'Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}]}
Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit