Real-world efficacy and safety of azvudine in hospitalized older patients with COVID-19 during the omicron wave in China: A retrospective cohort study
Yuanchao Zhu, Fei Zhao, Yubing Zhu, Xingang Li, Deshi Dong, Bolin Zhu, Jianchun Li, Xin Hu, Zinan Zhao, Wenfeng Xu, Yang Jv, Dandan Wang, Yingming Zheng, Yiwen Dong, Lu Li, Shilei Yang, Zhiyuan Teng, Ling Lu, Jingwei Zhu, Linzhe Du, Yunxin Liu, Lechuan Jia, Qiujv Zhang, Hui Ma, Ana Zhao, Hongliu Jiang, Xin Xu, Jinli Wang, Xuping Qian, Wei Zhang, Tingting Zheng, Chunxia Yang, Xuguang Chen, Kun Liu, Huanhuan Jiang, Dongxiang Qu, Jia Song, Hua Cheng, Wenfang Sun, Hanqiu Zhan, Xiao Li, Yafeng Wang, Aixia Wang, Li Liu, Lihua Yang, Nan Zhang, Shumin Chen, Jingjing Ma, Wei Liu, Xiaoxiang Du, Meiqin Zheng, Liyan Wan, Guangqing Du, Hangmei Liu, Pengfei Jin
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004
This multicenter, retrospective cohort study indicates that azvudine can reduce the all-cause mortality rate and shorten the time to nucleic acid-negative conversion in the elderly Chinese patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection.
Author contributions Yuanchao Zhu, Fei Zhao, and Pengfei Jin designed the study. Pengfei Jin led the study team. The underlying data at each subcenter were acquired by Xingang Fei Zhao and Yubing Zhu analysed the data. Yubing Zhu and Fei Zhao wrote the first draft of the manuscript, which was revised by Pengfei Jin and Yuanchao Zhu. All authors interpreted data, provided critical review and revision of the text, and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors had access to the data underlying the study and accept responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
Conflicts of interest All researchers can confirm their independence from funders, and all authors, external and internal, had full access to all the data (including statistical reports and tables) in the study and can take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
National Health Commission Clinical Research Projects for Innovative Drugs and National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f
References
Austin, Some methods of propensity-score matching had superior performance to others: results of an empirical investigation and Monte Carlo simulations, Biom J
Cao, Gao, Bao, Feng, Mei et al., VV116 versus nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for oral treatment of Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Center, Control, Epidemic situation of novel coronavirus infection in China
Chen, Klein, Garibaldi, Li, Wu et al., Aging in COVID-19: vulnerability, immunity and intervention, Ageing Res Rev
Chen, Tian, Efficacy and safety of azvudine in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Heliyon
Chen, Xu, Hong, Yang, Peng et al., Oral azvudine (FNC) tablets in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant: a retrospective cohort study, medRxiv
Cui, Liu, Wang, Wang, Fan et al., Structural and functional characterizations of infectivity and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, Cell
Da Silva, Abreu Cabral, De Souza, Arruda, Cabral et al., Serial viral load analysis by DDPCR to evaluate FNC efficacy and safety in the treatment of mild cases of COVID-19, Front Med
De Souza, Cabral, Da Silva, Arruda, Cabral et al., Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study: a study on the safety and clinical efficacy of AZVUDINE in moderate COVID-19 patients, Front Med
Deng, Li, Sun, Zhou, Xiao, Real-world effectiveness of azvudine versus nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study, J Med Virol
J O U R N A L P R E, None
J O U R N A L P R E, None
Li, Hilgenfeld, Whitley, Clercq, Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19: progress and lessons learned, Nat Rev Drug Discov
Shang, Fu, Geng, Zhang, Zhang et al., Azvudine therapy of common COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients, J Med Virol
Smith, Kalayanov, Sund, Winqvist, Maltseva et al., The design, synthesis, and antiviral activity of monofluoro and difluoro analogues of 4′-azidocytidine against hepatitis C virus replication: the discovery of 4′-azido-2′-deoxy-2′-fluorocytidine and 4′-azido-2′dideoxy-2′,2′-difluorocytidine, J Med Chem
Sun, Dian, Shen, Zeng, Chen, Oral azvudine for hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing conditions: a retrospective cohort study, EClinicalMedicine
Sun, Peng, Yu, Zhang, Liang et al., Mechanistic insight into antiretroviral potency of 2′-Deoxy-2′-β-fluoro-4′-azidocytidine (FNC) with a long-lasting effect on HIV-1 prevention, J Med Chem
Wang, Pan, Zhang, Han, Fan et al., Epidemiological and clinical features of 125 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Fuyang, Anhui, China, Int J Infect Dis
Wang, Sun, Zhang, Li, Qin et al., Antiviral effectiveness and survival correlation of azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in elderly severe patients with COVID-19: a retrospective real-world study, EClinicalMedicine
Wang, Yao, Wang, Gong, Meng et al., Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination status and hesitancy among older adults in China, Nat Med
Wei, Zeng, Wang, Gui, Zhang et al., Head-to-head comparison of azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for the hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a real-world retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching, Front Pharmacol
Yang, Wang, Jiang, Zhang, Zhang et al., Oral azvudine for mild-tomoderate COVID-19 in high risk, nonhospitalized adults: results of a real-world study, J Med Virol
Yu, Chang, Azvudine (FNC): a promising clinical candidate for COVID-19 treatment, Signal Transduct Target Ther
Yu, Chang, The first Chinese oral anti-COVID-19 drug Azvudine launched, Innovation (Camb)
Zhang, Li, Wang, Liu, Lu et al., Azvudine is a thymus-homing anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug effective in treating COVID-19 patients, Signal Transduct Target Ther
Zhao, Zheng, Han, Feng, Xia et al., Is azvudine comparable to nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in real-world efficacy and safety for hospitalized patients with COVID-19? A retrospective cohort study, Infect Dis Ther
Zheng, Wang, Yang, Guo, Chen et al., Antiviral activity of FNC, 2′-deoxy-2′-β-fluoro-4′-azidocytidine, against human and duck HBV replication, Antivir Ther
{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 12, 13]],
'date-time': '2024-12-13T05:28:32Z',
'timestamp': 1734067712303,
'version': '3.30.2'},
'reference-count': 32,
'publisher': 'Elsevier BV',
'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 12, 1]],
'date-time': '2024-12-01T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1733011200000},
'content-version': 'tdm',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'},
{ 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 12, 1]],
'date-time': '2024-12-01T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1733011200000},
'content-version': 'tdm',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license'},
{ 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 12, 4]],
'date-time': '2024-12-04T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1733270400000},
'content-version': 'vor',
'delay-in-days': 3,
'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/'}],
'content-domain': {'domain': ['elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True},
'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 12]]},
'DOI': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 12, 12]],
'date-time': '2024-12-12T07:09:16Z',
'timestamp': 1733987356000},
'update-policy': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy',
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 0,
'title': 'Real-world efficacy and safety of azvudine in hospitalized older patients with COVID-19 during '
'the omicron wave in China: A retrospective cohort study',
'prefix': '10.1016',
'author': [ {'given': 'Yuanchao', 'family': 'Zhu', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Fei', 'family': 'Zhao', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Yubing', 'family': 'Zhu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Xingang', 'family': 'Li', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Deshi', 'family': 'Dong', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Bolin', 'family': 'Zhu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Jianchun', 'family': 'Li', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Xin', 'family': 'Hu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Zinan', 'family': 'Zhao', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Wenfeng', 'family': 'Xu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Yang', 'family': 'Jv', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Dandan', 'family': 'Wang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Yingming', 'family': 'Zheng', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Yiwen', 'family': 'Dong', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Lu', 'family': 'Li', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Shilei', 'family': 'Yang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Zhiyuan', 'family': 'Teng', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Ling', 'family': 'Lu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Jingwei', 'family': 'Zhu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Linzhe', 'family': 'Du', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Yunxin', 'family': 'Liu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Lechuan', 'family': 'Jia', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Qiujv', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Hui', 'family': 'Ma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Ana', 'family': 'Zhao', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Hongliu', 'family': 'Jiang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Xin', 'family': 'Xu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Jinli', 'family': 'Wang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Xuping', 'family': 'Qian', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Wei', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Tingting', 'family': 'Zheng', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Chunxia', 'family': 'Yang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Xuguang', 'family': 'Chen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Kun', 'family': 'Liu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Huanhuan', 'family': 'Jiang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Dongxiang', 'family': 'Qu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Jia', 'family': 'Song', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Hua', 'family': 'Cheng', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Wenfang', 'family': 'Sun', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Hanqiu', 'family': 'Zhan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Xiao', 'family': 'Li', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Yafeng', 'family': 'Wang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Aixia', 'family': 'Wang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Li', 'family': 'Liu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Lihua', 'family': 'Yang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Nan', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Shumin', 'family': 'Chen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Jingjing', 'family': 'Ma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Wei', 'family': 'Liu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Xiaoxiang', 'family': 'Du', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Meiqin', 'family': 'Zheng', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Liyan', 'family': 'Wan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Guangqing', 'family': 'Du', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Hangmei', 'family': 'Liu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{ 'ORCID': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9461-0453',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'Pengfei',
'family': 'Jin',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': []}],
'member': '78',
'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib1',
'unstructured': 'Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemic situation of '
'novel coronavirus infection in China. [2023-4-1] [2024-3-24]. Available '
'from: '
'https://www.chinacdc.cn/jkzt/crb/zl/szkb_11803/jszl_13141/202304/t20230401_264798.html.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib2',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '860',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.019',
'article-title': 'Structural and functional characterizations of infectivity and immune '
'evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron',
'volume': '185',
'author': 'Cui',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'Cell'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib3',
'unstructured': 'World Health Organization. WHO COVID-19 dashboard. [2023-2-31] '
'[2024-3-24]. Available from: '
'https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/cases?m49=156&n=c.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib4',
'article-title': 'The first Chinese oral anti-COVID-19 drug Azvudine launched',
'volume': '3',
'author': 'Yu',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'Innovation (Camb)'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib5',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '8554',
'DOI': '10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00940',
'article-title': 'Mechanistic insight into antiretroviral potency of '
'2′-Deoxy-2′-β-fluoro-4′-azidocytidine (FNC) with a long-lasting effect '
'on HIV-1 prevention',
'volume': '63',
'author': 'Sun',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J Med Chem'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib6',
'article-title': 'Serial viral load analysis by DDPCR to evaluate FNC efficacy and safety '
'in the treatment of mild cases of COVID-19',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'da Silva',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'Front Med (Lausanne)'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib7',
'first-page': '1',
'article-title': 'Panel of expert consensus on the application of azvudine tablets in the '
'treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection. Expert consensus on the application '
'of azvudine tablets in the treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection',
'volume': '32',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'China Pharm'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib8',
'article-title': 'Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study: '
'a study on the safety and clinical efficacy of AZVUDINE in moderate '
'COVID-19 patients',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'de Souza',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'Front Med (Lausanne)'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib9',
'unstructured': 'National Medical Products Administration. NMPA conditionally approved '
'Henan Real Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Azfudine tablets to add the novel '
'coronavirus treatment indication registration application. [2022-7-25] '
'[2024-3-24]. Available from: '
'https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/yaowen/ypjgyw/ypyw/20220725165620176.html.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib10',
'unstructured': 'Medical Administration Bureau of the National Health Commission. Notice '
'on including azvudine tablets into the diagnosis and treatment guideine '
'of novel coronavirus pneumonia. [2022-8-9] [2024-3-24]. Available from: '
'http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202208/33e3ff4308b4446796c3f315601d436f.shtml.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib11',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101981',
'article-title': 'Oral azvudine for hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing '
'conditions: a retrospective cohort study',
'volume': '59',
'author': 'Sun',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'EClinicalMedicine'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib12',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.28756',
'article-title': 'Real-world effectiveness of azvudine versus nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in '
'hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study',
'volume': '95',
'author': 'Deng',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib13',
'article-title': 'Efficacy and safety of azvudine in patients with COVID-19: a systematic '
'review and meta-analysis',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Chen',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'Heliyon'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib14',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.28947',
'article-title': 'Oral azvudine for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in high risk, '
'nonhospitalized adults: results of a real-world study',
'volume': '95',
'author': 'Yang',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib15',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205',
'article-title': 'Aging in COVID-19: vulnerability, immunity and intervention',
'volume': '65',
'author': 'Chen',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Ageing Res Rev'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib16',
'unstructured': 'World Health Organization. COVID-19 cases and deaths with age and sex '
'reported. [2023-8-28] [2024-3-24]. Available from: '
'https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiY2UyNmQ0MWQtYjdiZC00MmIyLWI5YmYtZmRiZWJkZDcyMDMwIiwidCI6ImY2MTBjMGI3LWJkMjQtNGIzOS04MTBiLTNkYzI4MGFmYjU5MCIsImMiOjh9.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib17',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '421',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.070',
'article-title': 'Epidemiological and clinical features of 125 hospitalized patients with '
'COVID-19 in Fuyang, Anhui, China',
'volume': '95',
'author': 'Wang',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib18',
'unstructured': 'General Office of the National Health Commission. Notice on the issuance '
'of diagnosis and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus infection '
'(trial version 10). [2023-1-5] [2024-3-24]. Available from: '
'https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-01/06/content_5735343.htm.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib19',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '406',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2208822',
'article-title': 'VV116 versus nirmatrelvir–ritonavir for oral treatment of Covid-19',
'volume': '388',
'author': 'Cao',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib20',
'unstructured': 'National Institutes of Health. Common terminology criteria for adverse '
'events. [2021-4-19] [2024-3-24]. Available from: '
'https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib21',
'article-title': 'Oral azvudine (FNC) tablets in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 '
'omicron variant: a retrospective cohort study',
'author': 'Chen',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'medRxiv'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib22',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '171',
'DOI': '10.1002/bimj.200810488',
'article-title': 'Some methods of propensity-score matching had superior performance to '
'others: results of an empirical investigation and Monte Carlo '
'simulations',
'volume': '51',
'author': 'Austin',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'Biom J'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib23',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '449',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41573-023-00672-y',
'article-title': 'Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19: progress and lessons learned',
'volume': '22',
'author': 'Li',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Drug Discov'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib24',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '414',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41392-021-00835-6',
'article-title': 'Azvudine is a thymus-homing anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug effective in treating '
'COVID-19 patients',
'volume': '6',
'author': 'Zhang',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Signal Transduct Target Ther'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib25',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '679',
'DOI': '10.3851/IMP2094',
'article-title': 'Antiviral activity of FNC, 2′-deoxy-2′-β-fluoro-4′-azidocytidine, '
'against human and duck HBV replication',
'volume': '17',
'author': 'Zheng',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'Antivir Ther'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib26',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2971',
'DOI': '10.1021/jm801595c',
'article-title': 'The design, synthesis, and antiviral activity of monofluoro and '
'difluoro analogues of 4′-azidocytidine against hepatitis C virus '
'replication: the discovery of 4′-azido-2′-deoxy-2′-fluorocytidine and '
'4′-azido-2′-dideoxy-2′,2′-difluorocytidine',
'volume': '52',
'author': 'Smith',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'J Med Chem'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib27',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '236',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41392-020-00351-z',
'article-title': 'Azvudine (FNC): a promising clinical candidate for COVID-19 treatment',
'volume': '5',
'author': 'Yu',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Signal Transduct Target Ther'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib28',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2087',
'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-023-00845-7',
'article-title': 'Is azvudine comparable to nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in real-world efficacy '
'and safety for hospitalized patients with COVID-19? A retrospective '
'cohort study',
'volume': '12',
'author': 'Zhao',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'Infect Dis Ther'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib29',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2023.1274294',
'article-title': 'Head-to-head comparison of azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for the '
'hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a real-world retrospective cohort '
'study with propensity score matching',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'Wei',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'Front Pharmacol'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib30',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102468',
'article-title': 'Antiviral effectiveness and survival correlation of azvudine and '
'nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in elderly severe patients with COVID-19: a '
'retrospective real-world study',
'volume': '69',
'author': 'Wang',
'year': '2024',
'journal-title': 'EClinicalMedicine'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib31',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.29007',
'article-title': 'Azvudine therapy of common COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients',
'volume': '95',
'author': 'Shang',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004_bib32',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '623',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41591-023-02241-7',
'article-title': 'Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination status and hesitancy among older '
'adults in China',
'volume': '29',
'author': 'Wang',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'Nat Med'}],
'container-title': 'Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B',
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2211383524004611?httpAccept=text/xml',
'content-type': 'text/xml',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'},
{ 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2211383524004611?httpAccept=text/plain',
'content-type': 'text/plain',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 12, 12]],
'date-time': '2024-12-12T17:31:38Z',
'timestamp': 1734024698000},
'score': 1,
'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2211383524004611'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 12]]},
'references-count': 32,
'alternative-id': ['S2211383524004611'],
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['2211-3835'],
'subject': [],
'container-title-short': 'Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B',
'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 12]]},
'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'},
{ 'value': 'Real-world efficacy and safety of azvudine in hospitalized older patients with '
'COVID-19 during the omicron wave in China: A retrospective cohort study',
'name': 'articletitle',
'label': 'Article Title'},
{'value': 'Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'},
{ 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.004',
'name': 'articlelink',
'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'},
{'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'},
{ 'value': '© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese '
'Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of '
'Medical Sciences.',
'name': 'copyright',
'label': 'Copyright'}]}