The effect of Vitamin D levels on the course of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients – a 1-year prospective cohort study
Prospective study of 301 hospitalized patients in Slovenia, showing higher mortality with vitamin D deficiency, without statistical significance. Fewer patients with severe cases were deficient, which authors hypothesize was due to their recommendations for supplementation - many patients reported initiating supplementation after symptoms started but before hospitalization (while asymptomatic patients did not initiate supplementation).
risk of death, 55.9% lower, RR 0.44, p = 0.24, high D levels (≥30nmol/L) 10 of 255 (3.9%), low D levels (<30nmol/L) 4 of 45 (8.9%), NNT 20.
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risk of ICU admission, 58.8% higher, RR 1.59, p = 0.59, high D levels (≥30nmol/L) 27 of 255 (10.6%), low D levels (<30nmol/L) 3 of 45 (6.7%).
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risk of severe case, 61.0% higher, RR 1.61, p = 0.009, high D levels (≥30nmol/L) 146 of 255 (57.3%), low D levels (<30nmol/L) 16 of 45 (35.6%).
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Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
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Siuka et al., 9 Mar 2023, prospective, Slovenia, peer-reviewed, 7 authors, study period December 2020 - December 2021.
Contact:
josko.osredkar@kclj.si.
Abstract: F1000Research 2023, 12:254 Last updated: 09 MAR 2023
RESEARCH ARTICLE
The effect of Vitamin D levels on the course of COVID-19 in
hospitalized patients – a 1-year prospective cohort study
[version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
Darko Siuka1, Rajko Saletinger2,3, Jure Uršič1, Kristina Jevnikar4, Rado Janša1,2,
David Štubljar 5, Joško Osredkar 6,7
1Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
2Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
3Department of Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
4Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
5Research and Development, In-Medico, Metlika, 8330, Slovenia
6Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
7Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubjana, 1000, Slovenia
v1 First published: 09 Mar 2023, 12:254
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131730.1
Latest published: 09 Mar 2023, 12:254
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131730.1
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Approval Status AWAITING PEER REVIEW
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Abstract
Background: The aim of the current study was to assess the patients
with COVID-19 and the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the
course of COVID-19.
Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients hospitalized
due to COVID-19 between December 2020 and December 2021.
Patients' demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were
analysed.
Results: 301 participants were enrolled in the study. 46 (15,3%) had
moderate, and 162 (53,8%) had severe COVID-19. 14 (4,7%) patients
died, and 30 (10,0%) were admitted to the ICU due to disease
worsening. The majority needed oxygen therapy (n=224; 74,4%).
Average vitamin 25(OH)D3 levels were below optimal at the
admittance, and vitamin D deficiency was detected in 205 individuals.
More male patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency. Patients
with the more severe disease showed lower levels of vitamin
25(OH)D3 in their blood. The most severe group of patients had more
symptoms that lasted significantly longer with progressing disease
severity. This group of patients also suffered from more deaths, ICU
admissions, and treatments with dexamethasone, remdesivir, and
oxygen.
Conclusion: Patients with the severe course of COVID-19 were shown
to have increased inflammatory parameters, increased mortality, and
higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency. The results suggest that the
vitamin D deficiency might represent a significant risk factor for a
severe course of COVID-19.
article can be found at the end of the article.
Page 1 of 15
F1000Research 2023, 12:254 Last updated: 09 MAR 2023
Keywords
vitamin D; COVID-19; severity; supplementation
Corresponding author: Joško Osredkar (josko.osredkar@kclj.si)
Author roles: Siuka D: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing; Saletinger R:
Formal Analysis; Uršič J: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology; Jevnikar K: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology; Janša R:
Formal Analysis, Validation; Štubljar D: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation; Osredkar J: Conceptualization, Supervision,
Writing – Review & Editing
Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Grant information: The author(s) declared..
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