Assessment of outcomes following implementation of antiviral treatment guidelines for COVID-19 during the first wave in Thailand
Sawanpanyalert et al., Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 52:4
Sawanpanyalert et al., Assessment of outcomes following implementation of antiviral treatment guidelines for COVID-19 during the.., Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 52:4
Retrospective 744 hospitalized patients in Thailand, showing lower risk of a poor outcome for favipiravir treatment within 4 days of symptom onset. Early treatment with CQ/HCQ and lopinavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir also showed lower risk, but without statistical significance. Sample sizes for the number of patients treated within 4 days of symptom onset are not provided.
Abstract: ASSESSEMENT OF OUTCOMES FOLLOWING
IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT
GUIDELINES FOR COVID-19 DURING
THE FIRST WAVE IN THAILAND
1
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Narumol Sawanpanyalert , Rujipas Sirijatuphat , Piamlarp Sangsayunh , Opass Putcharoen ,
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6
7
Weerawat Manosuthi , Poj Intalapaporn , Nattawan Palavutitotai ,
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9
2
Worawan Samritmanoporn , Nattapong Jitrungruengnij , Alan Maleesatharn
2,10
and Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
1
Medical Emergency Response Unit, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of
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Public Health, Nonthaburi Province; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital,
3
Mahidol University, Bangkok; Central Chest Institute of Thailand, Nonthaburi Province;
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Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, Chulalongkorn University,
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Bangkok; Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi Province;
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Division of Infectious Disease, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok; Lerdsin Hospital, Bangkok;
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Nopparat Rajathanee Hospital, Bangkok; Department of Pediatrics,
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Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital, Bangkok; Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research,
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Abstract. Thailand encountered its first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
outbreak in March 2020 and the Thailand Ministry of Public Health rapidly
developed COVID-19 treatment guidelines. In this study we aimed to describe
the outcomes among patients treated following those initial guidelines and
determine factors significantly associated with poor outcomes in order to
inform efforts to improve COVID-19 treatment guidelines for Thailand.
Nine hospitals in Bangkok submitted data from their COVID-19 patients
using standardized case record forms. A poor outcome was defined as
death, ICU admission, requiring intubation or requiring high-flow oxygen.
Factors associated with these outcomes were assessed. A total of 744 patients
(48.8% male) were included in the study. The median (interquartile range)
age of study subjects was 37 (27-48) years; 8.4% were aged >60 years, 5.6%
of subjects were obese and 16.5% had underlying conditions: obesity,
immunocompromised status, diabetes, chronic conditions of lungs, kidneys,
liver, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular systems or had an absolute lymphocyte
3
count <1,000 cells/mm . Among symptomatic patients, factors significantly
independently associated with a poor outcome were: age >60 years
(adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-5.36,
p = 0.018), having an underlying risk condition (aOR: 2.36, 95%CI: 1.27-4.39,
p = 0.007), presenting with pneumonia (aOR: 6.60, 95%CI: 3.48-12.49,
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Vol 52 No.4 July 2021
RISK OF SEVERE COVID-19 AND OUTCOMES OF ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT
p <0.001) and azithromycin use (aOR: 2.36, 95%CI: 1.30-4.31, p = 0.005).
Among symptomatic patients, the factor significantly associated with
lower odds of having a poor outcome was hospital admission within 4 days
of symptom onset (aOR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.24-0.82, p = 0.009). Subgroup analysis
revealed hospital admission within 4 days of symptom onset was significantly
associated with a lower risk of a poor outcome only among patients who
received treatment that included favipiravir (crude odds ratio (cOR): 0.320,
95%CI: 0.152-0.662, p = 0.003), but not among those who received a ritonavir
boosted protease inhibitor (lopinavir or darunavir) or hydroxychloroquine
(or chloroquine) without favipiravir (cOR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.18-1.91, p = 0.372).
In summary, the factors significantly..
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