Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Abstract
All probiotics studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchProbioticsProbiotics (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Using Probiotics to Flatten the Curve of Coronavirus Disease COVID-2019 Pandemic

Baud et al., Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186
May 2020  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Probiotics for COVID-19
18th treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2021, now with p = 0.0000011 from 28 studies.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 109 treatments. c19early.org
Review of data supporting the use of probiotics for COVID-19 and mechanisms of action.
Reviews covering probiotics for COVID-19 include1-14.
Baud et al., 8 May 2020, peer-reviewed, 5 authors.
This PaperProbioticsAll
Abstract: OPINION published: 08 May 2020 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186 Using Probiotics to Flatten the Curve of Coronavirus Disease COVID-2019 Pandemic David Baud 1 , Varvara Dimopoulou Agri 2 , Glenn R. Gibson 3 , Gregor Reid 4,5 and Eric Giannoni 2* 1 Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2 Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 3 Food and Nutritional Sciences, St Joseph’s Hospital, The University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, 5 Canadian R&D Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada Keywords: COVID 19, probiotics, prebiotics, SARS-CoV-2, pandemics, coronavirus, respiratory infection
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 13]], 'date-time': '2024-05-13T13:14:02Z', 'timestamp': 1715606042535}, 'reference-count': 50, 'publisher': 'Frontiers Media SA', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 8]], 'date-time': '2020-05-08T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1588896000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['frontiersin.org'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'DOI': '10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 8]], 'date-time': '2020-05-08T13:19:02Z', 'timestamp': 1588943942000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/crossmark-policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 169, 'title': 'Using Probiotics to Flatten the Curve of Coronavirus Disease COVID-2019 Pandemic', 'prefix': '10.3389', 'volume': '8', 'author': [ {'given': 'David', 'family': 'Baud', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Varvara', 'family': 'Dimopoulou Agri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Glenn R.', 'family': 'Gibson', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Gregor', 'family': 'Reid', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Eric', 'family': 'Giannoni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '1965', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 8]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'B1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321195', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: more than meets the eye', 'author': 'Ng', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Gut'}, { 'key': 'B2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '411', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30113-4', 'article-title': 'Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Pan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'key': 'B3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320926', 'article-title': 'Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases ' 'of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal ' 'symptoms', 'author': 'Jin', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Gut'}, { 'key': 'B4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321013', 'article-title': 'Gastrointestinal symptoms of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection', 'author': 'Lin', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Gut'}, { 'key': 'B5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.04.05.20051540', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater are higher than expected from ' 'clinically confirmed cases', 'author': 'Wu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv.'}, { 'key': 'B6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '506', 'DOI': '10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66', 'article-title': 'Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for ' 'Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and ' 'appropriate use of the term probiotic', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Hill', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol.'}, { 'key': 'B7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1376', 'DOI': '10.1111/apt.15267', 'article-title': 'Systematic review with meta-analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for ' 'treating acute gastroenteritis in children–a 2019 update', 'volume': '49', 'author': 'Szajewska', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Aliment Pharmacol Ther.'}, { 'key': 'B8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'CD006095', 'DOI': '10.1002/14651858.CD006095.pub4', 'article-title': 'Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated ' 'diarrhea in adults and children', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Goldenberg', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev'}, { 'key': 'B9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'CD004827', 'DOI': '10.1002/14651858.CD004827.pub5', 'article-title': 'Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated ' 'diarrhea', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Guo', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev'}, { 'key': 'B10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e0166232', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0166232', 'article-title': 'The clinical and economic impact of probiotics consumption on ' 'respiratory tract infections: projections for Canada', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Lenoir-Wijnkoop', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'PLoS ONE.'}, { 'key': 'B11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'S224', 'DOI': '10.1097/MCG.0b013e31817e1c91', 'article-title': 'A new chance of preventing winter diseases by the administration of ' 'synbiotic formulations', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'Pregliasco', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Gastroenterol'}, { 'key': 'B12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '58', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0007114509991395', 'article-title': 'Consumption of a fermented dairy product containing the probiotic ' 'Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 reduces the duration of respiratory ' 'infections in the elderly in a randomised controlled trial', 'volume': '103', 'author': 'Guillemard', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Br J Nutr'}, { 'key': 'B13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '455', 'DOI': '10.1080/07315724.2010.10719882', 'article-title': 'Effects of consumption of a fermented dairy product containing the ' 'probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 on common respiratory and ' 'gastrointestinal infections in shift workers in a randomized controlled ' 'trial', 'volume': '29', 'author': 'Guillemard', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'J Am Coll Nutr'}, { 'key': 'B14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '9', 'DOI': '10.1159/000454668', 'article-title': 'The “golden age” of probiotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis ' 'of randomized and observational studies in preterm infants', 'volume': '112', 'author': 'Dermyshi', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Neonatology'}, { 'key': 'B15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '407', 'DOI': '10.1038/nature23480', 'article-title': 'A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural ' 'India', 'volume': '548', 'author': 'Panigrahi', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': 'B16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '481', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clnu.2005.02.006', 'article-title': 'Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium longum SP ' '07/3, B. bifidum MF 20/5 on common cold episodes: a double blind, ' 'randomized, controlled trial', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'de', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Clin Nutr.'}, { 'key': 'B17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '405', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.020', 'article-title': 'Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation prevents rhinovirus infections ' 'in preterm infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial', 'volume': '133', 'author': 'Luoto', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'J Allergy Clin Immunol'}, { 'key': 'B18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '565', 'DOI': '10.1111/lam.12340', 'article-title': 'Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus brevis KB290 on incidence of ' 'influenza infection among schoolchildren: an open-label pilot study', 'volume': '59', 'author': 'Waki', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Lett Appl Microbiol'}, { 'key': 'B19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '939', 'DOI': '10.1271/bbb.90749', 'article-title': 'Effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 administration on influenza ' 'infection, influenza vaccine antibody titer, and cell-mediated immunity ' 'in the elderly', 'volume': '74', 'author': 'Namba', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Biosci Biotechnol Biochem'}, { 'key': 'B20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1722', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0007114508116282', 'article-title': 'Specific probiotics in reducing the risk of acute infections in ' 'infancy–a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study', 'volume': '101', 'author': 'Rautava', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Br J Nutr'}, { 'key': 'B21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e376', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu11020376', 'article-title': 'Prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in children through the use ' 'of Lactobacillus salivarius PS7, a target-specific probiotic strain', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Cardenas', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'B22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'CD009066', 'DOI': '10.1002/14651858.CD009066.pub2', 'article-title': 'Probiotics for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Bo', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev'}, { 'key': 'B23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '5', 'DOI': '10.4187/respcare.07097', 'article-title': 'Probiotics for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a ' 'meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', 'volume': '65', 'author': 'Su', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Respir Care'}, { 'key': 'B24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '276', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jcv.2014.03.021', 'article-title': 'Specific probiotics and virological findings in symptomatic conscripts ' 'attending military service in Finland', 'volume': '60', 'author': 'Lehtoranta', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Virol'}, { 'key': 'B25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '4783', 'DOI': '10.3168/jds.2018-16103', 'article-title': 'Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 improved upper respiratory tract infections ' 'via enhancing immune and inflammatory parameters: a randomized, ' 'double-blind, placebo-controlled study', 'volume': '102', 'author': 'Chong', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'J Dairy Sci'}, { 'key': 'B26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '239', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13054-018-2167-x', 'article-title': 'Synbiotics modulate gut microbiota and reduce enteritis and ' 'ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with sepsis: a randomized ' 'controlled trial', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Shimizu', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Crit Care'}, { 'key': 'B27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1848', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00268-005-0653-1', 'article-title': 'Benefits of a synbiotic formula (Synbiotic 2000Forte) in critically Ill ' 'trauma patients: early results of a randomized controlled trial', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Kotzampassi', 'year': '2006', 'journal-title': 'World J Surg'}, { 'key': 'B28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '160', 'DOI': '10.1159/000342079', 'article-title': 'Probiotic mechanisms of action', 'volume': '61', 'author': 'Bermudez-Brito', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'Ann Nutr Metab'}, { 'key': 'B29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1046', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91708-6', 'article-title': 'Feeding of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus to ' 'infants in hospital for prevention of diarrhoea and shedding of ' 'rotavirus', 'volume': '344', 'author': 'Saavedra', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': 'B30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '953', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00203-017-1400-3', 'article-title': 'Modulation of rotavirus severe gastroenteritis by the combination of ' 'probiotics and prebiotics', 'volume': '199', 'author': 'Gonzalez-Ochoa', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Arch Microbiol'}, { 'key': 'B31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '9', 'DOI': '10.3389/fcimb.2020.00009', 'article-title': 'The gut-lung axis in health and respiratory diseases: a place for ' 'inter-organ and inter-kingdom crosstalks', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Enaud', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front Cell Infect Microbiol'}, { 'key': 'B32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2934', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.013', 'article-title': 'Gut dysbiosis during influenza contributes to pulmonary pneumococcal ' 'superinfection through altered short-chain fatty acid production', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Sencio', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell Rep'}, { 'key': 'B33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2640', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2018.02640', 'article-title': 'Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and ' 'secondary bacterial pneumonia', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Hanada', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol.'}, { 'key': 'B34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3', 'DOI': '10.1111/1751-2980.12851', 'article-title': '2019 Novel coronavirus infection and gastrointestinal tract', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Gao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Dig Dis'}, { 'key': 'B35', 'first-page': '49', 'article-title': 'Management of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19): the Zhejiang ' 'experience', 'author': 'Xu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban'}, { 'key': 'B36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.23736/S0026-4806.20.06570-2', 'article-title': 'A possible probiotic (S. salivarius K12) approach to improve oral and ' 'lung microbiotas and raise defenses against SARS-CoV-2', 'author': 'Di Pierro', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Minerva Med.'}, { 'key': 'B37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1551', 'DOI': '10.1086/652763', 'article-title': 'Treatment of infectious mastitis during lactation: antibiotics versus ' 'oral administration of lactobacilli isolated from breast milk', 'volume': '50', 'author': 'Arroyo', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': 'B38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '158', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.immuni.2012.04.011', 'article-title': 'Commensal bacteria calibrate the activation threshold of innate ' 'antiviral immunity', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'Abt', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'Immunity'}, { 'key': 'B39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '633', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2016.00633', 'article-title': 'Respiratory antiviral immunity and immunobiotics: beneficial effects on ' 'inflammation-coagulation interaction during influenza virus infection', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Zelaya', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol.'}, { 'key': 'B40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '5354', 'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.1019378108', 'article-title': 'Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza ' 'A virus infection', 'volume': '108', 'author': 'Ichinohe', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.'}, { 'key': 'B41', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '207', 'DOI': '10.3920/BM2016.0160', 'article-title': 'Effect of probiotic on innate inflammatory response and viral shedding ' 'in experimental rhinovirus infection–a randomised controlled trial', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Turner', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Benef Microbes'}, { 'key': 'B42', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1855', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11250-010-9648-5', 'article-title': 'Putative probiotic Lactobacillus spp. from porcine gastrointestinal ' 'tract inhibit transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus and enteric ' 'bacterial pathogens', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'Kumar', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Trop Anim Health Prod'}, { 'key': 'B43', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '799', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00705-012-1543-0', 'article-title': 'Antiviral effects of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain against ' 'transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus', 'volume': '158', 'author': 'Chai', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Arch Virol'}, { 'key': 'B44', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '515', 'DOI': '10.4014/jmb.1909.09041', 'article-title': 'Surface-displayed porcine IFN-lambda3 in Lactobacillus plantarum ' 'inhibits porcine enteric coronavirus infection of porcine intestinal ' 'epithelial cells', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Liu', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'J Microbiol Biotechnol'}, { 'key': 'B45', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2540', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmicb.2019.02540', 'article-title': 'Anti-TGEV miller strain infection effect of Lactobacillus plantarum ' 'supernatant based on the JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Front Microbiol'}, { 'key': 'B46', 'first-page': '1621', 'article-title': 'Oral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviates ' 'exacerbations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus ' 'pulmonary infections', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'Shoaib', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Pak J Pharm Sci'}, { 'key': 'B47', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '680', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.japh.2016.07.001', 'article-title': 'Probiotic use in at-risk populations', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'Sanders', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'J Am Pharm Assoc'}, { 'key': 'B48', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '924', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciu946', 'article-title': 'Bifidobacterium longum bacteremia in preterm infants receiving ' 'probiotics', 'volume': '60', 'author': 'Bertelli', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': 'B49', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '117', 'DOI': '10.1097/MPG.0000000000001603', 'article-title': 'Commercial probiotic products: a call for improved quality control. A ' 'position paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and ' 'Prebiotics', 'volume': '65', 'author': 'Kolacek', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'J Pediatric Gastroenterol Nutr.'}, { 'key': 'B50', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/advances/nmaa003', 'article-title': 'Preventing respiratory tract infections by synbiotic interventions: a ' 'systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', 'author': 'Chan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Adv Nutr'}], 'container-title': 'Frontiers in Public Health', 'original-title': [], 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186/full', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 8]], 'date-time': '2020-05-08T13:19:04Z', 'timestamp': 1588943944000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186/full'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 8]]}, 'references-count': 50, 'alternative-id': ['10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2296-2565'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Front. Public Health', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 8]]}}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit