Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 isolation in cell culture from nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva specimens of patients with COVID-19

{ 'institution': [{'name': 'Research Square'}], 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 1]], 'date-time': '2023-04-01T04:47:28Z', 'timestamp': 1680324448422}, 'posted': {'date-parts': [[2023, 3, 31]]}, 'group-title': 'In Review', 'reference-count': 17, 'publisher': 'Research Square Platform LLC', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 3, 31]], 'date-time': '2023-03-31T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1680220800000}, 'content-version': 'unspecified', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'accepted': {'date-parts': [[2023, 3, 10]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>It has been revealed that SARS-CoV-2 can be efficiently isolated from ' 'clinical specimens such as nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva in cultured cells. In this ' 'study, we examined the efficiency of viral isolation including SARS-CoV-2 mutant strains ' 'between nasal/nasopharyngeal swab or saliva specimens. Furthermore, we also examined the ' 'comparison of viral isolation rates by sample species using simulated specimens for COVID-19. ' 'As a result, it was found that the isolation efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva specimens ' 'was significantly lower than that in the nasal/nasopharyngeal swab specimens. In order to ' 'determine which component of saliva is responsible for the lower isolation rate of saliva ' 'specimens, we tested the abilities of lactoferrin, amylase, cathelicidin, and mucin, which ' 'are considered to be abundant in saliva, to inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped ' 'viruses (SARS-CoV-2pv). Lactoferrin and amylase were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2pv infection. ' 'In conclusion, even if the same number of viral genome copies was detected by the real-time ' 'RT-PCR test, infection of SARS-CoV-2 present in saliva is thought to be inhibited by ' 'inhibitory factors such as lactoferrin and amylase, compared to nasal/nasopharyngeal swab ' 'specimens.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.21203/rs.3.rs-2676422/v1', 'type': 'posted-content', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 3, 31]], 'date-time': '2023-03-31T19:45:56Z', 'timestamp': 1680291956000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 isolation in cell culture from nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva ' 'specimens of patients with COVID-19', 'prefix': '10.21203', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Shunsuke', 'family': 'Yazawa', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Toyama Institute of Health'}]}, { 'given': 'Emiko', 'family': 'Yamazaki', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Toyama Institute of Health'}]}, { 'given': 'Yumiko', 'family': 'Saga', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Toyama Institute of Health'}]}, { 'given': 'Masae', 'family': 'Itamochi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Toyama Institute of Health'}]}, { 'given': 'Noriko', 'family': 'Inasaki', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Toyama Institute of Health'}]}, { 'given': 'Takahisa', 'family': 'Shimada', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Toyama Institute of Health'}]}, { 'given': 'Kazunori', 'family': 'Oishi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Toyama Institute of Health'}]}, { 'given': 'Hideki', 'family': 'Tani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Toyama Institute of Health'}]}], 'member': '8761', 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'Zhang Y', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Zhang, Y. et al. 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