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Cohort study to evaluate the effect of combination Vitamin D, Magnesium and Vitamin B12 (DMB) on progression to severe outcome in older COVID-19 patients

Tan et al., Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.111017 (date from preprint)
Jun 2020  
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Oxygen therapy 80% Improvement Relative Risk ICU admission 81% Vitamin B12 for COVID-19  Tan et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with vitamin B12 + combined treatments beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 43 patients in Singapore Lower need for oxygen therapy with vitamin B12 + combined treatments (p=0.04) c19early.org Tan et al., Nutrition, June 2020 Favorsvitamin B12 Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
34th treatment shown to reduce risk in February 2022, now with p = 0.023 from 4 studies.
Lower risk for recovery.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19early.org
Observational study of 43 patients >= 50 years old, with 17 patients receiving vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12 (DMB); and 26 control patients, showing a significantly lower need for oxygen therapy and ICU admission with treatment. DMB OR 0.20 [0.04–0.93] for oxygen therapy and/or intensive care support with multivariate analysis.
This study is excluded in meta analysis: combined treatments may contribute more to the effect seen.
Study covers vitamin B12 and vitamin D.
risk of oxygen therapy, 80.5% lower, RR 0.20, p = 0.04, treatment 3 of 17 (17.6%), control 16 of 26 (61.5%), NNT 2.3, adjusted per study, multivariate.
risk of ICU admission, 80.9% lower, RR 0.19, p = 0.07, treatment 1 of 17 (5.9%), control 8 of 26 (30.8%), NNT 4.0, no adjusted result available.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Tan et al., 10 Jun 2020, retrospective, Singapore, peer-reviewed, 14 authors, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with magnesium and vitamin B12) - results of individual treatments may vary.
This PaperVitamin B12All
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Late treatment
is less effective
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