The Effect of Antihyperglycemic Medications on COVID-19: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review from Observational Studies

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 30]], 'date-time': '2024-04-30T00:29:07Z', 'timestamp': 1714436947425}, 'reference-count': 94, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 29]], 'date-time': '2024-04-29T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1714348800000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 29]], 'date-time': '2024-04-29T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1714348800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100001809', 'name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['NO 82070851']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'DOI': '10.1007/s43441-024-00633-6', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 29]], 'date-time': '2024-04-29T14:02:38Z', 'timestamp': 1714399358000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'The Effect of Antihyperglycemic Medications on COVID-19: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review ' 'from Observational Studies', 'prefix': '10.1007', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8157-3040', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Zhi-Hui', 'family': 'Song', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Qiao-Ming', 'family': 'Huang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Shan-Shan', 'family': 'Xu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jian-Bo', 'family': 'Zhou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Chao', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 29]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '633_CR1', 'unstructured': 'W.H.O. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. 11 November 2022; ' 'Available from: ' 'https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019.'}, { 'key': '633_CR2', 'unstructured': 'Federation, I.D. The IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition 2021. 2021 6 ' 'December 2021; Available from: https://diabetesatlas.org/.'}, { 'key': '633_CR3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1907', 'DOI': '10.1111/dom.14105', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'J Wu', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Wu J, Zhang J, Sun X, Wang L, Xu Y, Zhang Y, et al. Influence of ' 'diabetes mellitus on the severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ' 'infection. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22:1907–14.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Obes Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1239', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.2648', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Z Wu', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the ' 'coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China. JAMA. ' '2020;323:1239.', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '633_CR5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '23', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00315-6', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'T Burki', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Burki T. COVID-19 and diabetes in Africa: a lethal combination. Lancet ' 'Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10:23.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol'}, { 'key': '633_CR6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '107723', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107723', 'volume': '34', 'author': 'N Katsiki', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Katsiki N, Ferrannini E. Anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic ' 'drugs: a “promised land” in the COVID-19 era? J Diabetes Complications. ' '2020;34:107723.', 'journal-title': 'J Diabetes Complications'}, { 'key': '633_CR7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1915', 'DOI': '10.1007/s13300-020-00858-2', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'DM Williams', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Williams DM, Nawaz A, Evans M. Diabetes and novel coronavirus infection: ' 'implications for treatment. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11:1915–24.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Ther'}, { 'key': '633_CR8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2903', 'DOI': '10.2337/db21-0385', 'volume': '70', 'author': 'JE Nyland', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Nyland JE, Raja-Khan NT, Bettermann K, Haouzi PA, Leslie DL, ' 'Kraschnewski JL, et al. Diabetes, drug treatment, and mortality in ' 'COVID-19: a multinational retrospective cohort study. Diabetes. ' '2021;70:2903–16.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes'}, { 'key': '633_CR9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '779', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00592-020-01539-z', 'volume': '57', 'author': 'SB Solerte', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Solerte SB, Di Sabatino A, Galli M, Fiorina P. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 ' '(DPP4) inhibition in COVID-19. Acta Diabetol. 2020;57:779–83.', 'journal-title': 'Acta Diabetol'}, { 'key': '633_CR10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2076', 'DOI': '10.3390/molecules25092076', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'C Ciavarella', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Ciavarella C, Motta I, Valente S, Pasquinelli G. Pharmacological (or ' 'Synthetic) and nutritional agonists of PPAR-γ as candidates for cytokine ' 'storm modulation in COVID-19 disease. Molecules. 2020;25:2076.', 'journal-title': 'Molecules'}, { 'key': '633_CR11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '543', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40200-021-00777-4', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'TI Hariyanto', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Hariyanto TI, Kurniawan A. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor and ' 'outcome from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in diabetic patients: a ' 'systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. J Diabetes Metab ' 'Disord. 2021;20:543–50.', 'journal-title': 'J Diabetes Metab Disord'}, { 'key': '633_CR12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '186', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.08.002', 'volume': '53', 'author': 'T Han', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Han T, Ma S, Sun C, Zhang H, Qu G, Chen Y, et al. Association between ' 'anti-diabetic agents and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with ' 'diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med Res. ' '2022;53:186–95.', 'journal-title': 'Arch Med Res'}, { 'key': '633_CR13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '109031', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109031', 'volume': '179', 'author': 'TI Hariyanto', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Hariyanto TI, Intan D, Hananto JE, Putri C, Kurniawan A. Pre-admission ' 'glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and mortality from ' 'coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): a systematic review, meta-analysis, ' 'and meta-regression. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;179:109031.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Res Clin Pract'}, { 'key': '633_CR14', 'unstructured': 'World Health O. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes ' 'mellitus and its complications : report of a WHO consultation. Part 1, ' 'Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva: World Health ' 'Organization; 1999.'}, { 'key': '633_CR15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e1000097', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'D Moher', 'year': '2009', 'unstructured': 'Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items ' 'for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS ' 'Med. 2009;6:e1000097.', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Med'}, { 'key': '633_CR16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '603', 'DOI': '10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'A Stang', 'year': '2010', 'unstructured': 'Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the ' 'assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur ' 'J Epidemiol. 2010;25:603–5.', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Epidemiol'}, { 'key': '633_CR17', 'unstructured': 'Higgins JPT TJ, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA ' '(editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions ' 'version 6.3. Cochrane2022.'}, { 'key': '633_CR18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3389/fendo.2021.794382', 'author': 'R Abuhasira', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Abuhasira R, Ayalon-Dangur I, Zaslavsky N, Koren R, Keller M, Dicker D, ' 'et al. A randomized clinical trial of Linagliptin vs. standard of care ' 'in patients hospitalized with diabetes and COVID-19. Front Endocrinol. ' '2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.794382.', 'journal-title': 'Front Endocrinol'}, { 'key': '633_CR19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2339', 'DOI': '10.2337/dc20-1543', 'volume': '43', 'author': 'S Agarwal', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Agarwal S, Schechter C, Southern W, Crandall JP, Tomer Y. Preadmission ' 'diabetes-specific risk factors for mortality in hospitalized patients ' 'with diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019. Diabetes Care. ' '2020;43:2339–44.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Care'}, { 'key': '633_CR20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1090', 'DOI': '10.15537/smj.2020.10.25419', 'volume': '41', 'author': 'AA Al Hayek', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Al Hayek AA, Robert AA, Bin Matar A, Algarni A, Alkubedan H, Alharbi T, ' 'et al. Risk factors for hospital admission among COVID-19 patients with ' 'diabetes a study from Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2020;41:1090–7.', 'journal-title': 'Saudi Med J'}, { 'key': '633_CR21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2223', 'DOI': '10.1007/s13300-021-01110-1', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'KS Boye', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Boye KS, Tokar Erdemir E, Zimmerman N, Reddy A, Benneyworth BD, Dabora ' 'MC, et al. Risk factors associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and ' 'mortality: a large claims-based analysis among people with type 2 ' 'diabetes mellitus in the United States. Diabetes Ther. 2021;12:2223–9.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Ther'}, { 'key': '633_CR22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e34', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2666-7568(20)30033-7', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'CT Bramante', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Bramante CT, Ingraham NE, Murray TA, Marmor S, Hovertsen S, Gronski J, ' 'et al. Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with ' 'COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis. Lancet Healthy Longev. ' '2021;2:e34-41.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Healthy Longev'}, { 'key': '633_CR23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1500', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00125-020-05180-x', 'volume': '63', 'author': 'B Cariou', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Cariou B, Hadjadj S, Wargny M, Pichelin M, Al-Salameh A, Allix I, et al. ' 'Phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and ' 'diabetes: the CORONADO study. Diabetologia. 2020;63:1500–15.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetologia'}, { 'key': '633_CR24', 'first-page': '315', 'volume': '44', 'author': 'A Cernigliaro', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Cernigliaro A, Allotta AV. Scondotto S [Can diabetes and its related ' 'hypoglycemic drug treatment be considered risk factors for health ' 'outcomes in COVID-19 patients? The results of a study in the population ' 'residing in Sicily Region (Southern Italy)]. Epidemiol Prev. ' '2020;44:315–22.', 'journal-title': 'Epidemiol Prev'}, { 'key': '633_CR25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1399', 'DOI': '10.2337/dc20-0660', 'volume': '43', 'author': 'Y Chen', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Chen Y, Yang D, Cheng B, Chen J, Peng A, Yang C, et al. Clinical ' 'characteristics and outcomes of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 in ' 'association with glucose-lowering medication. Diabetes Care. ' '2020;43:1399–407.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Care'}, { 'key': '633_CR26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '537', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.013', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'X Cheng', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Cheng X, Liu Y-M, Li H, Zhang X, Lei F, Qin J-J, et al. Metformin is ' 'associated with higher incidence of acidosis, but not mortality, in ' 'individuals with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab. ' '2020;32:537-47.e3.', 'journal-title': 'Cell Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '119371', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119371', 'volume': '275', 'author': 'X Cheng', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Cheng X, Xin S, Chen Y, Li L, Chen W, Li W, et al. Effects of metformin, ' 'insulin on COVID-19 patients with pre-existed type 2 diabetes: a ' 'multicentral retrospective study. Life Sci. 2021;275:119371.', 'journal-title': 'Life Sci'}, { 'key': '633_CR28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e48', 'DOI': '10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa098', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'R Dalan', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Dalan R, Ang LW, Tan WYT, Fong S-W, Tay WC, Chan Y-H, et al. The ' 'association of hypertension and diabetes pharmacotherapy with COVID-19 ' 'severity and immune signatures: an observational study. Eur Heart J ' 'Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2020;7:e48-51.', 'journal-title': 'Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother'}, { 'key': '633_CR29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '108925', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108925', 'volume': '177', 'author': 'JA Dave', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Dave JA, Tamuhla T, Tiffin N, Levitt NS, Ross IL, Toet W, et al. Risk ' 'factors for COVID-19 hospitalisation and death in people living with ' 'diabetes: a virtual cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South ' 'Africa. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;177:108925.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Res Clin Pract'}, { 'key': '633_CR30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '101208', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabet.2020.10.006', 'volume': '47', 'author': 'JY Do', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Do JY, Kim SW, Park JW, Cho KH, Kang SH. Is there an association between ' 'metformin use and clinical outcomes in diabetes patients with COVID-19? ' 'Diabetes Metab. 2021;47:101208.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2857', 'DOI': '10.1007/s13300-021-01133-8', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'R Emral', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Emral R, Haymana C, Demirci I, Tasci I, Sahin M, Cakal E, et al. Lower ' 'COVID-19 mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking ' 'dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: results from a Turkish nationwide ' 'study. Diabetes Ther. 2021;12:2857–70.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Ther'}, { 'key': '633_CR32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1946', 'DOI': '10.1111/dom.14097', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'GP Fadini', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Fadini GP, Morieri ML, Longato E, Bonora BM, Pinelli S, Selmin E, et al. ' 'Exposure to dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and COVID-19 among people ' 'with type 2 diabetes: a case-control study. Diabetes Obes Metab. ' '2020;22:1946–50.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Obes Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1055', 'DOI': '10.1111/cts.12897', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Y Gao', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Gao Y, Liu T, Zhong W, Liu R, Zhou H, Huang W, et al. Risk of Metformin ' 'in patients with type 2 diabetes with COVID-19: a preliminary ' 'retrospective report. Clin Transl Sci. 2020;13:1055–9.', 'journal-title': 'Clin Transl Sci'}, { 'key': '633_CR34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '513', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.dsx.2021.02.022', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'R Ghany', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Ghany R, Palacio A, Dawkins E, Chen G, McCarter D, Forbes E, et al. ' 'Metformin is associated with lower hospitalizations, mortality and ' 'severe coronavirus infection among elderly medicare minority patients in ' '8 states in USA. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15:513–8.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Metab Syndr'}, { 'key': '633_CR35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '109021', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109021', 'volume': '180', 'author': 'CB Giorda', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Giorda CB, Picariello R, Tartaglino B, Nada E, Doglio M, Romeo F, et al. ' 'From swab testing to health outcomes within the T2DM population: Impact ' 'of diabetes background on COVID19 progression. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. ' '2021;180:109021.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Res Clin Pract'}, { 'key': '633_CR36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-04511-1', 'author': 'R Guardado-Mendoza', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Guardado-Mendoza R, Garcia-Magaña MA, Martínez-Navarro LJ, ' 'Macías-Cervantes HE, Aguilar-Guerrero R, Suárez-Pérez EL, et al. Effect ' 'of linagliptin plus insulin in comparison to insulin alone on metabolic ' 'control and prognosis in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 ' 'infection. Sci Rep. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04511-1.', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'key': '633_CR37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1397', 'DOI': '10.1111/dom.14329', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'SB Israelsen', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Israelsen SB, Pottegård A, Sandholdt H, Madsbad S, Thomsen RW, Benfield ' 'T. Comparable COVID-19 outcomes with current use of GLP-1 receptor ' 'agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors or SGLT-2 inhibitors among patients with ' 'diabetes who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Diabetes Obes Metab. ' '2021;23:1397–401.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Obes Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '108619', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108619', 'volume': '173', 'author': 'N Jiang', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Jiang N, Chen Z, Liu L, Yin X, Yang H, Tan X, et al. Association of ' 'metformin with mortality or ARDS in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 ' 'diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. ' '2021;173:108619.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Res Clin Pract'}, { 'key': '633_CR39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1564', 'DOI': '10.2337/dc21-0065', 'volume': '44', 'author': 'AR Kahkoska', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Kahkoska AR, Abrahamsen TJ, Alexander GC, Bennett TD, Chute CG, Haendel ' 'MA, et al. Association between glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist ' 'and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use and COVID-19 outcomes. ' 'Diabetes Care. 2021;44:1564–72.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Care'}, { 'key': '633_CR40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '524', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.10.014', 'volume': '45', 'author': 'S Khalili', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Khalili S, Moradi O, Kharazmi AB, Raoufi M, Sistanizad M, Shariat M. ' 'Comparison of mortality rate and severity of pulmonary involvement in ' 'coronavirus disease-2019 adult patients with and without type 2 ' 'diabetes: a cohort study. Can J Diabetes. 2021;45:524–30.', 'journal-title': 'Can J Diabetes'}, { 'key': '633_CR41', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '293', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00050-4', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'K Khunti', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Khunti K, Knighton P, Zaccardi F, Bakhai C, Barron E, Holman N, et al. ' 'Prescription of glucose-lowering therapies and risk of COVID-19 ' 'mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide observational ' 'study in England. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9:293–303.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol'}, { 'key': '633_CR42', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '602', 'DOI': '10.4093/dmj.2020.0146', 'volume': '44', 'author': 'MK Kim', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Kim MK, Jeon J-H, Kim S-W, Moon JS, Cho NH, Han E, et al. The clinical ' 'characteristics and outcomes of patients with moderate-to-severe ' 'coronavirus disease 2019 infection and diabetes in Daegu. South Korea ' 'Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44:602.', 'journal-title': 'South Korea Diabetes Metab J'}, { 'key': '633_CR43', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '586', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00180-7', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'MN Kosiborod', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Kosiborod MN, Esterline R, Furtado RHM, Oscarsson J, Gasparyan SB, Koch ' 'GG, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors ' 'hospitalised with COVID-19 (DARE-19): a randomised, double-blind, ' 'placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. ' '2021;9:586–94.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol'}, { 'key': '633_CR44', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '842', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.05.011', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'MM Kristan', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Kristan MM, Kim YK, Nelson T, Moxley MC, Yip TC-F, Munir K, et al. ' 'Predictors of severe COVID-19 in patients with diabetes: a\xa0' 'multicenter review. Endocrine Practice. 2021;27:842–9.', 'journal-title': 'Endocrine Practice.'}, { 'key': '633_CR45', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '101216', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabet.2020.101216', 'volume': '47', 'author': 'J-D Lalau', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Lalau J-D, Al-Salameh A, Hadjadj S, Goronflot T, Wiernsperger N, ' 'Pichelin M, et al. Metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of ' 'mortality in patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19. Diabetes ' 'Metab. 2021;47:101216.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR46', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '193', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jamda.2020.10.031', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'MA Lally', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Lally MA, Tsoukas P, Halladay CW, O’Neill E, Gravenstein S, Rudolph JL. ' 'Metformin is associated with decreased 30-day mortality among nursing ' 'home residents infected with SARS-CoV2. J Am Med Dir Assoc. ' '2021;22:193–8.', 'journal-title': 'J Am Med Dir Assoc'}, { 'key': '633_CR47', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Li J, Wei Q, McCowen K, Xiong W, Liu J, Jiang W, et al. (2021) Inpatient ' 'use of metformin and acarbose is associated with reduced mortality of ' 'COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. research square ' 'platform LLC.', 'DOI': '10.21203/rs.3.rs-287308/v1'}, { 'key': '633_CR48', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e052310', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052310', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'AOY Luk', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Luk AOY, Yip TCF, Zhang X, Kong APS, Wong VW-S, Ma RCW, et al. ' 'Glucose-lowering drugs and outcome from COVID-19 among patients with ' 'type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-wide analysis in Hong Kong. BMJ ' 'Open. 2021;11:e052310.', 'journal-title': 'BMJ Open.'}, { 'key': '633_CR49', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '69', 'DOI': '10.4269/ajtmh.20-0375', 'volume': '103', 'author': 'P Luo', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Luo P, Qiu L, Liu Y, Liu X-l, Zheng J-l, Xue H-y, et al. Metformin ' 'treatment was associated with decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients ' 'with diabetes in a retrospective analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. ' '2020;103:69–72.', 'journal-title': 'Am J Trop Med Hyg'}, { 'key': '633_CR50', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1789', 'DOI': '10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1789', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'S-K Luo', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Luo S-K, Hu W-H, Lu Z-J, Li C, Fan Y-M, Chen Q-J, et al. Diabetes ' 'patients with comorbidities had unfavorable outcomes following COVID-19: ' 'a retrospective study. World J Diabetes. 2021;12:1789–808.', 'journal-title': 'World J Diabetes'}, { 'key': '633_CR51', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-022-09639-2', 'author': 'Z Ma', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Ma Z, Patel N, Vemparala P, Krishnamurthy M. Metformin is associated ' 'with favorable outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes ' 'mellitus. Sci Rep. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09639-2.', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'key': '633_CR52', 'first-page': '1533', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'A Mansour', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Mansour A, Sajjadi-Jazi SM, Kasaeian A, Khosravi B, Sorouri M, Azizi F, ' 'et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetics hospitalized ' 'for covid-19 infection: a single-centered, retrospective, observational ' 'study. EXCLI J. 2020;19:1533–43.', 'journal-title': 'EXCLI J'}, { 'key': '633_CR53', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'E64', 'DOI': '10.2337/dc20-1824', 'volume': '44', 'author': 'Y Noh', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Noh Y, Oh I-S, Jeong HE, Filion KB, Yu OHY, Shin J-Y. Association ' 'between DPP-4 inhibitors and COVID-19-related outcomes among patients ' 'with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021;44:E64-6.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Care'}, { 'key': '633_CR54', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '771', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00592-020-01666-7', 'volume': '58', 'author': 'TK Oh', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Oh TK, Song I-A. Metformin use and risk of COVID-19 among patients with ' 'type II diabetes mellitus: an NHIS-COVID-19 database cohort study. Acta ' 'Diabetol. 2021;58:771–8.', 'journal-title': 'Acta Diabetol'}, { 'key': '633_CR55', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12916-020-01832-2', 'author': 'LM Perez-Belmonte', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Perez-Belmonte LM, Torres-Pena JD, Lopez-Carmona MD, Ayala-Gutierrez MM, ' 'Fuentes-Jimenez F, Huerta LJ, et al. Mortality and other adverse ' 'outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19 ' 'in association with glucose-lowering drugs: a nationwide cohort study. ' 'Bmc Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01832-2.', 'journal-title': 'Bmc Med'}, { 'key': '633_CR56', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e102', 'DOI': '10.1093/gerona/glab124', 'volume': '76', 'author': 'JM Ramos-Rincón', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Ramos-Rincón JM, Pérez-Belmonte LM, Carrasco-Sánchez FJ, Jansen-Chaparro ' 'S, De-Sousa-Baena M, Bueno-Fonseca J, et al. Cardiometabolic therapy and ' 'mortality in very old patients with diabetes hospitalized due to ' 'COVID-19. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021;76:e102-9.', 'journal-title': 'J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci'}, { 'key': '633_CR57', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1162', 'DOI': '10.1111/dom.14324', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'R Roussel', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Roussel R, Darmon P, Pichelin M, Goronflot T, Abouleka Y, Ait Bachir L, ' 'et al. Use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and prognosis of ' 'COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: a propensity ' 'score analysis from the CORONADO study. Diabetes Obes Metab. ' '2021;23:1162–72.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Obes Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR58', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '108753', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108753', 'volume': '174', 'author': 'I Satman', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Satman I, Demirci I, Haymana C, Tasci I, Salman S, Ata N, et al. ' 'Unexpectedly lower mortality rates in COVID-19 patients with and without ' 'type 2 diabetes in Istanbul. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;174:108753.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Res Clin Pract'}, { 'key': '633_CR59', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '569', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11845-021-02823-9', 'volume': '191', 'author': 'ES Saygili', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Saygili ES, Karakiliç E, Mert E, Şener A, Mirci A. Preadmission usage of ' 'metformin and mortality in COVID-19 patients including the ' 'post-discharge period. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;191:569–75.', 'journal-title': 'Ir J Med Sci'}, { 'key': '633_CR60', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2999', 'DOI': '10.2337/dc20-1521', 'volume': '43', 'author': 'SB Solerte', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Solerte SB, D’Addio F, Trevisan R, Lovati E, Rossi A, Pastore I, et al. ' 'Sitagliptin treatment at the time of hospitalization was associated with ' 'reduced mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19: a ' 'multicenter, case-control, retrospective. Observ Study Diabetes Care. ' '2020;43:2999–3006.', 'journal-title': 'Observ Study Diabetes Care'}, { 'key': '633_CR61', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '589', 'DOI': '10.1111/dom.14256', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'H Sourij', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Sourij H, Aziz F, Bräuer A, Ciardi C, Clodi M, Fasching P, et al. ' 'COVID-19 fatality prediction in people with diabetes and prediabetes ' 'using a simple score upon hospital admission. Diabetes Obes Metab. ' '2021;23:589–98.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Obes Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR62', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13098-021-00695-8', 'author': 'RE Tamura', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Tamura RE, Said SM, de Freitas LM, Rubio IGS. Outcome and death risk of ' 'diabetes patients with Covid-19 receiving pre-hospital and in-hospital ' 'metformin therapies. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2021. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-021-00695-8.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetol Metab Syndr'}, { 'key': '633_CR63', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '363', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11239-022-02631-7', 'volume': '53', 'author': 'A Usman', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Usman A, Bliden KP, Cho A, Walia N, Jerjian C, Singh A, et al. Metformin ' 'use in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: lower inflammation, ' 'oxidative stress, and thrombotic risk markers and better clinical ' 'outcomes. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2022;53:363–71.', 'journal-title': 'J Thromb Thrombolysis'}, { 'key': '633_CR64', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2708', 'DOI': '10.2337/dc21-1351', 'volume': '44', 'author': 'PL Wander', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Wander PL, Lowy E, Beste LA, Tulloch-Palomino L, Korpak A, Peterson AC, ' 'et al. Prior glucose-lowering medication use and 30-day outcomes among ' '64,892 veterans with diabetes and COVID-19. Diabetes Care. ' '2021;44:2708–13.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Care'}, { 'key': '633_CR65', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1255', 'DOI': '10.1210/clinem/dgab067', 'volume': '106', 'author': 'J Wang', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Wang J, Cooper JM, Gokhale K, Acosta-Mena D, Dhalla S, Byne N, et al. ' 'Association of metformin with susceptibility to COVID-19 in people with ' 'type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106:1255–68.', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Endocrinol Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR66', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '778', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00125-020-05351-w', 'volume': '64', 'author': 'M Wargny', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Wargny M, Potier L, Gourdy P, Pichelin M, Amadou C, Benhamou P-Y, et al. ' 'Predictors of hospital discharge and mortality in patients with diabetes ' 'and COVID-19: updated results from the nationwide CORONADO study. ' 'Diabetologia. 2021;64:778–94.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetologia'}, { 'key': '633_CR67', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '101307', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabet.2021.101307', 'volume': '48', 'author': 'CKH Wong', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Wong CKH, Lui DTW, Lui AYC, Kwok ACY, Low MCH, Lau KTK, et al. Use of ' 'DPP4i reduced odds of clinical deterioration and hyperinflammatory ' 'syndrome in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes: propensity score ' 'analysis of a territory-wide cohort in Hong Kong. Diabetes Metab. ' '2022;48:101307.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR68', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1185', 'DOI': '10.1002/cpt.2047', 'volume': '108', 'author': 'H Yan', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Yan H, Valdes AM, Vijay A, Wang S, Liang L, Yang S, et al. Role of Drugs ' 'used for chronic disease management on susceptibility and severity of ' 'COVID-19: a large case-control study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. ' '2020;108:1185–94.', 'journal-title': 'Clin Pharmacol Ther'}, { 'key': '633_CR69', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '65', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.014', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'B Yu', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Yu B, Li C, Sun Y, Wang DW. Insulin treatment is associated with ' 'increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes. Cell ' 'Metab. 2021;33:65-77.e2.', 'journal-title': 'Cell Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR70', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3484', 'DOI': '10.1111/jcmm.16431', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'S Yuan', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Yuan S, Li H, Chen C, Wang F, Wang DW. Association of glycosylated ' 'haemoglobin HbA1c levels with outcome in patients with COVID-19: a ' 'retrospective study. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25:3484–97.', 'journal-title': 'J Cell Mol Med'}, { 'key': '633_CR71', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '5576', 'DOI': '10.12998/wjcc.v8.i22.5576', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'J-H Zhou', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Zhou J-H, Wu B, Wang W-X, Lei F, Cheng X, Qin J-J, et al. No significant ' 'association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and adverse ' 'outcomes of COVID-19. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8:5576–88.', 'journal-title': 'World J Clin Cases'}, { 'key': '633_CR72', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '600439', 'DOI': '10.3389/fendo.2020.600439', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'AB Crouse', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Crouse AB, Grimes T, Li P, Might M, Ovalle F, Shalev A. Metformin use is ' 'associated with reduced mortality in a diverse population with COVID-19 ' 'and diabetes. Front Endocrinol. 2021;11:600439.', 'journal-title': 'Front Endocrinol.'}, { 'key': '633_CR73', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2642', 'DOI': '10.1111/bcp.15258', 'volume': '88', 'author': 'A Ganesh', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Ganesh A, Randall MD. Does metformin affect outcomes in COVID-19 ' 'patients with new or pre-existing diabetes mellitus? A systematic review ' 'and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;88:2642–56.', 'journal-title': 'Br J Clin Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '02', 'key': '633_CR74', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '695', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.26498', 'volume': '93', 'author': 'CS Kow', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Kow CS, Hasan SS. 2020 Mortality risk with preadmission metformin use in ' 'patients with COVID-19 and diabetes: a meta-analysis. J Med Virol. ' '2021;93(02):695–7.', 'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'}, { 'key': '633_CR75', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '100290', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100290', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'TI Hariyanto', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Hariyanto TI, Kurniawan A. Metformin use is associated with reduced ' 'mortality rate from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Obes ' 'Med. 2020;19:100290.', 'journal-title': 'Obes Med'}, { 'key': '633_CR76', 'unstructured': 'Obiri-Yeboah D, Bena J, Alwakeel M, Buehler L, Makin V, Zhou K, et ' 'al.Association of metformin, dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4 inhibitors, and ' 'insulin with COVID-19-related hospital outcomes in patients with type 2 ' 'diabetes. Endocr Pract. 2023 Jun 8:S1530–891X(23)00429–9.'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '633_CR77', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '599', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2201662', 'volume': '387', 'author': 'CT Bramante', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Bramante CT, Huling JD, Tignanelli CJ, Buse JB, Liebovitz DM, Nicklas ' 'JM, et al. Randomized trial of metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine ' 'for covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(7):599–610.', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '633_CR78', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '108183', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108183', 'volume': '164', 'author': 'S Sharma', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Sharma S, Ray A, Sadasivam B. Metformin in COVID-19: a possible role ' 'beyond diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;164:108183.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Res Clin Pract'}, { 'key': '633_CR79', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2056', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2020.02056', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'X Chen', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Chen X, Guo H, Qiu L, Zhang C, Deng Q, Leng Q. Immunomodulatory and ' 'antiviral activity of metformin and its potential implications in ' 'treating coronavirus disease 2019 and lung injury. Front Immunol. ' '2020;11:2056.', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}, { 'key': '633_CR80', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '155196', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155196', 'volume': '131', 'author': 'NN Nguyen', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Nguyen NN, Ho DS, Nguyen HS, Ho DKN, Li H-Y, Lin C-Y, et al. ' 'Preadmission use of antidiabetic medications and mortality among ' 'patients with COVID-19 having type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. ' 'Metabolism. 2022;131:155196.', 'journal-title': 'Metabolism'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '633_CR81', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e115', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.02.007', 'volume': '45', 'author': 'A Foresta', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Foresta A, Ojeda-Fernandez L, Macaluso G, Roncaglioni MC, Tettamanti M, ' 'Fortino I, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like ' 'peptide-1 receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 ' 'inhibitors and COVID-19 outcomes. Clin Ther. 2023;45(4):e115-26.', 'journal-title': 'Clin Ther'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '633_CR82', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '10', 'DOI': '10.1093/ehjcvp/pvac044', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'G Ferrannini', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Ferrannini G, Lund LH, Benson L, Rizzo M, Almahmeed W, Rosano GMC, et ' 'al. Association between use of novel glucose-lowering drugs and COVID-19 ' 'hospitalization and death in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide ' 'registry analysis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2022;9(1):10–7.', 'journal-title': 'Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother'}, { 'key': '633_CR83', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '110205', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110205', 'volume': '195', 'author': 'H Permana', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Permana H, Audi Yanto T, Ivan HT. Pre-admission use of sodium glucose ' 'transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT 2i) may significantly improves Covid-19 ' 'outcomes in patients with diabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, ' 'and meta-regression. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023;195:110205.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Res Clin Pract'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '633_CR84', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '357', 'DOI': '10.1080/03007995.2022.2027141', 'volume': '38', 'author': 'A Alshnbari', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Alshnbari A, Idris I. Can sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) ' 'inhibitor reduce the risk of adverse complications due to COVID-19? - ' 'Targeting hyperinflammation. Curr Med Res Opin. 2022;38(3):357–64.', 'journal-title': 'Curr Med Res Opin'}, { 'issue': '13', 'key': '633_CR85', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '895458', 'DOI': '10.3389/fendo.2022.895458', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Y Chen', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Chen Y, Lv X, Lin S, Arshad M, Dai M. The association between ' 'antidiabetic agents and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with ' 'diabetes: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol. ' '2022;27(13):895458. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.895458.', 'journal-title': 'Front Endocrinol'}, { 'key': '633_CR86', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '696087', 'DOI': '10.3389/fendo.2021.696087', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Y Yang', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Yang Y, Cai Z, Zhang J. Insulin treatment may increase adverse outcomes ' 'in patients with covid-19 and diabetes: a systematic review and ' 'metaanalysis. Front Endocrinol. 2021;12:696087.', 'journal-title': 'Front Endocrinol'}, { 'issue': '21', 'key': '633_CR87', 'first-page': '00167', 'volume': 'S0188–4409', 'author': 'T Han', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Han T, Ma S, Sun C, Zhang H, Qu G, Chen Y, et al. The association ' 'between anti-diabetic agents and clinical outcomes of covid-19 in ' 'patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med ' 'Res. 2021;S0188–4409(21):00167–73.', 'journal-title': 'Arch Med Res'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '633_CR88', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '32', 'DOI': '10.1080/07435800.2021.1967376', 'volume': '47', 'author': 'W Wang', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Wang W, Sun Y, Wang S, Sun Y. The relationship between insulin use and ' 'increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes: a ' 'meta-analysis. Endocr Res. 2022;47(1):32–8.', 'journal-title': 'Endocr Res'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '633_CR89', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1480', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00125-021-05458-8', 'volume': '64', 'author': 'S Schlesinger', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Schlesinger S, Neuenschwander M, Lang A, Pafili K, Kuss O, Herder C, et ' 'al. Risk phenotypes of diabetes and association with COVID-19 severity ' 'and death: a living systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. ' '2021;64(7):1480–91.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetologia'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '633_CR90', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '904', 'DOI': '10.3803/EnM.2021.1048', 'volume': '36', 'author': 'D Patoulias', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Patoulias D, Doumas M. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and ' 'COVID-19-related deaths among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a ' 'meta-analysis of observational studies. Endocrinol Metab. ' '2021;36(4):904–8.', 'journal-title': 'Endocrinol Metab'}, { 'key': '633_CR91', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '708494', 'DOI': '10.3389/fendo.2021.708494', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'C Kan', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Kan C, Zhang Y, Han F, Xu Q, Ye T, Hou N, et al. Mortality risk of ' 'antidiabetic agents for type 2 diabetes with COVID-19: a systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:708494.', 'journal-title': 'Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)'}, { 'key': '633_CR92', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.2217/fvl-2022-0112', 'author': 'S Nag', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Nag S, Mandal S, Mukherjee O, Mukherjee S, Kundu R. DPP-4 Inhibitors as ' 'a savior for COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Future Virol. 2023. ' 'https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0112.', 'journal-title': 'Future Virol.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '633_CR93', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '829', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.015', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'JM Jagat', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Jagat JM, Kalyan KG, Subir R. Use of pioglitazone in people with type 2 ' 'diabetes mellitus with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): boon or ' 'bane? Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):829–31.', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Metab Syndr.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '633_CR94', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1287', 'DOI': '10.1042/BST20200505', 'volume': '48', 'author': 'Spencer J Williams', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Williams Spencer J, Goddard-Borger Ethan D. α-glucosidase inhibitors as ' 'host-directed antiviral agents with potential for the treatment of ' 'COVID-19. Biochem Soc Trans. 2020;48(3):1287–95.', 'journal-title': 'Biochem Soc Trans'}], 'container-title': 'Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43441-024-00633-6.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43441-024-00633-6/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43441-024-00633-6.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 29]], 'date-time': '2024-04-29T14:19:03Z', 'timestamp': 1714400343000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s43441-024-00633-6'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 29]]}, 'references-count': 94, 'alternative-id': ['633'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43441-024-00633-6', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2168-4790', '2168-4804'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Ther Innov Regul Sci', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 29]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '6 September 2023', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '9 February 2024', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '29 April 2024', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, {'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Declarations'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare no competing interests.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing Interests'}}, { 'value': 'Not applicable.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethical Approval'}}]}