Previous vitamin D status and total cholesterol are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Heriks Gomes Ribeiro, Raquel Costa Silva Dantas-Komatsu, Jeane Franco Pires Medeiros, Maria Clara Da Cruz Carvalho, Victor De Lima Soares, Bruna Zavarize Reis, André Ducati Luchessi, Vivian Nogueira Silbiger
Clinica Chimica Acta, doi:10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.003
Background: The relationship of vitamin D status and other biochemical parameters with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains inconclusive, especially in regions with high solar incidence. Therefore, we aimed to associate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and lipid profile prior to the SARS-CoV-2 tests in a population from a sunny region in Brazil (5 degrees S, 35 degrees W). Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 1634 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 of a private medical laboratory with 25(OH)D concentration and lipid profile measured ≥ 7 days before the date of the first SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test and were categorized according to 25(OH)D sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL) or insufficiency (<30 ng/mL). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors associated with positive tests for SARS-CoV-2. Results: Average serum 25(OH)D was 33.6 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was only found in 2.6% of the participants. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients > 49 y with insufficient 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL) presented increased odds to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 (OR: 2.02, 95 %CI: 1.15 to 3.55, P = 0.015). The same is observed among those with total cholesterol > 190 mg/dL (OR: 1.90, 95 %CI: 1.10 to 3.28, P = 0.020). Conclusions: Previous insufficient 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL) concentration and high total cholesterol were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults > 48 y in the study population. Further studies should be conducted to confirm whether measurement of 25(OH)D and lipid profile could be useful to identify patients who are more susceptible to COVID-19.
Author contributions VNS and HGR designed and executed the study; HGR, RCSDK, JFPM, MCCC, and BZR wrote the paper; ADL performed statistical analysis of the data; VLS contributed to the execution of the study; VNS, ADL, and BZR revised the final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.003.
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