Factors associated with COVID-19 fatality among patients admitted in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe 2020-2022: a secondary data analysis

Madamombe et al., Pan African Medical Journal, doi:10.11604/pamj.2023.44.142.37858, Mar 2023
Mortality 40% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk Azithromycin  Madamombe et al.  EARLY TREATMENT Is early treatment with azithromycin beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 672 patients in Zimbabwe (April 2020 - April 2022) Lower mortality with azithromycin (p=0.025) c19early.org Madamombe et al., Pan African Medical J., Mar 2023 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
Retrospective 672 COVID-19 patients in Zimbabwe, showing lower mortality with azithromycin treatment.
Study covers dexamethasone and vitamin C.
risk of death, 40.0% lower, OR 0.60, p = 0.03, adjusted per study, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Madamombe et al., 21 Mar 2023, retrospective, Zimbabwe, peer-reviewed, 9 authors, study period April 2020 - April 2022.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org November 2025 Zimbabwe United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Ukraine Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Iceland New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia CAR Zimbabwe favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was moderate.Low-cost treatments improve early treatment, andprovide complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org November 2025 Zimbabwe United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Ukraine Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Cambodia Panama Serbia Syria Zimbabwe favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy was moderate.Low-cost protocols improve early treatment,and add complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
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