A Mechanistic Link Between Selenium and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

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This study found an association between ' 'COVID-19 mortality risk and selenium status.', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12072098'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '354_CR58', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1297', 'DOI': '10.1093/ajcn/nqaa095', 'volume': '111', 'author': 'J Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': '• Zhang J, Taylor EW, Bennett K, Saad R, Rayman MP. Association between ' 'regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in ' 'China. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;111(6):1297–9 This study in China reports an ' 'asociation between selenium status in cities and cure rates from ' 'COVID-19 disease.', 'journal-title': 'Am J Clin Nutr'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '354_CR59', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1325', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12011-011-8977-1', 'volume': '143', 'author': 'M Harthill', 'year': '2011', 'unstructured': 'Harthill M. Review: micronutrient selenium deficiency influences ' 'evolution of some viral infectious diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res. ' '2011;143(3):1325–36.', 'journal-title': 'Biol Trace Elem Res'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '354_CR60', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '73', 'DOI': '10.3945/an.114.007575', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'H Steinbrenner', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Steinbrenner H, Al-Quraishy S, Dkhil MA, Wunderlich F, Sies H. Dietary ' 'selenium in adjuvant therapy of viral and bacterial infections. Adv ' 'Nutr. 2015;6(1):73–82.', 'journal-title': 'Adv Nutr'}, { 'issue': '27', 'key': '354_CR61', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '4252', 'DOI': '10.1039/C9TB00531E', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Y Li', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Li Y, Lin Z, Gong G, Guo M, Xu T, Wang C, et al. Inhibition of H1N1 ' 'influenza virus-induced apoptosis by selenium nanoparticles ' 'functionalized with arbidol through ROS-mediated signaling pathways. J ' 'Mater Chem B. 2019;7(27):4252–62.', 'journal-title': 'J Mater Chem B'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '354_CR62', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '333', 'DOI': '10.3390/v7010333', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'LQ Fang', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Fang LQ, Goeijenbier M, Zuo SQ, Wang LP, Liang S, Klein SL, et al. The ' 'association between hantavirus infection and selenium deficiency in ' 'mainland China. Viruses. 2015;7(1):333–51.', 'journal-title': 'Viruses.'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '354_CR63', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1481', 'DOI': '10.1096/fj.00-0721fje', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'MA Beck', 'year': '2001', 'unstructured': 'Beck MA, Nelson HK, Shi Q, Van Dael P, Schiffrin EJ, Blum S, et al. ' 'Selenium deficiency increases the pathology of an influenza virus ' 'infection. 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' '2018;14(Suppl 2):49.', 'journal-title': 'Allergy, Asthma Clin Immunol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '354_CR66', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '525', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12011-019-01789-1', 'volume': '194', 'author': 'X Shi', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Shi X, Wang W, Zheng S, Zhang Q, Xu S. Selenomethionine relieves ' 'inflammation in the chicken trachea caused by LPS though inhibiting the ' 'NF-κB pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020;194(2):525–35.', 'journal-title': 'Biol Trace Elem Res'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '354_CR67', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '705', 'DOI': '10.1089/ars.2011.4145', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Z Huang', 'year': '2012', 'unstructured': 'Huang Z, Rose AH, Hoffmann PR. The role of selenium in inflammation and ' 'immunity: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. ' 'Antioxid Redox Signal. 2012;16(7):705–43.', 'journal-title': 'Antioxid Redox Signal'}, { 'key': '354_CR68', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Yang T, Zhao Z, Liu T, Zhang Z, Wang P, Xu S, et al. Oxidative stress ' 'induced by Se-deficient high-energy diet implicates neutrophil ' 'dysfunction via Nrf2 pathway suppression in swine. Oncotarget. ' '2017;8(8):13428–39.', 'DOI': '10.18632/oncotarget.14550'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '354_CR69', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '237', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12011-019-01775-7', 'volume': '194', 'author': 'J Xu', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Xu J, Gong Y, Sun Y, Cai J, Liu Q, Bao J, et al. Impact of selenium ' 'deficiency on inflammation, oxidative stress, and phagocytosis in mouse ' 'macrophages. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020;194(1):237–43.', 'journal-title': 'Biol Trace Elem Res'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '354_CR70', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1762', 'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/jiaa150', 'volume': '221', 'author': 'F Wang', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Wang F, Nie J, Wang H, Zhao Q, Xiong Y, Deng L, et al. Characteristics ' 'of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 pneumonia. J ' 'Infect Dis. 2020;221(11):1762–9.', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '354_CR71', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1155', 'DOI': '10.3945/jn.109.120725', 'volume': '140', 'author': 'FW Hoffmann', 'year': '2010', 'unstructured': 'Hoffmann FW, Hashimoto AC, Shafer LA, Dow S, Berry MJ, Hoffmann PR. ' 'Dietary selenium modulates activation and differentiation of CD4+ T ' 'cells in mice through a mechanism involving cellular free thiols. J ' 'Nutr. 2010;140(6):1155–61.', 'journal-title': 'J Nutr'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '354_CR72', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '189', 'DOI': '10.1385/BTER:81:3:189', 'volume': '81', 'author': 'WC Hawkes', 'year': '2001', 'unstructured': 'Hawkes WC, Kelley DS, Taylor PC. The effects of dietary selenium on the ' 'immune system in healthy men. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001;81(3):189–213.', 'journal-title': 'Biol Trace Elem Res'}, { 'key': '354_CR73', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1576', 'DOI': '10.1039/D0MT00165A', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'S Li', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Li S, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Sun W, Jia X, Yang Y, et al. Se deficiency ' 'induces renal pathological changes by regulating selenoprotein ' 'expression, disrupting redox balance, and activating inflammation. ' 'Metallomics. 2020;12:1576–84.', 'journal-title': 'Metallomics.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '354_CR74', 'first-page': '271', 'volume': '55', 'author': 'P Erkekoğlu', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Erkekoğlu P, Aşçı A, Ceyhan M, Kızılgün M, Schweizer U, Ataş C, et al. ' 'Selenium levels, selenoenzyme activities and oxidant/antioxidant ' 'parameters in H1N1-infected children. Turk J Pediatr. 2013;55(3):271–82.', 'journal-title': 'Turk J Pediatr'}, { 'key': '354_CR75', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Fakhrolmobasheri M, Nasr-Esfahany Z, Khanahmad H, Zeinalian M. Selenium ' 'supplementation can relieve the clinical complications of COVID-19 and ' 'other similar viral infections. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2020:1–3.', 'DOI': '10.1024/0300-9831/a000663'}, { 'key': '354_CR76', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': '• Zhang J, Saad R, Taylor EW, Rayman MP. Selenium and selenoproteins in ' 'viral infection with potential relevance to COVID-19. Redox Biol. ' '2020;37:101715. This review highlights the importance of selenium in ' 'COVID-19 pathogenesis.', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101715'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '354_CR77', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '147', 'DOI': '10.1080/08820139.2018.1496098', 'volume': '48', 'author': 'A Mahmoodpoor', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': '• Mahmoodpoor A, Hamishehkar H, Shadvar K, Ostadi Z, Sanaie S, ' 'Saghaleini SH, et al. The effect of intravenous selenium on oxidative ' 'stress in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress ' 'syndrome. Immunol Investig. 2019;48(2):147–59 This clinical trial found ' 'that selenium supplementation can enhance antioxidant capacity of lungs ' 'and lower inflammation.', 'journal-title': 'Immunol Investig'}, { 'key': '354_CR78', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Alamdari DH, Moghaddam AB, Amini S, Keramati MR, Zarmehri AM, Alamdari ' 'AH, et al. Application of methylene blue -vitamin C –N-acetyl cysteine ' 'for treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients, report of a phase-I ' 'clinical trial. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020;885:173494.', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173494'}, { 'key': '354_CR79', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'De Flora S, Balansky R, La Maestra S. Rationale for the use of ' 'N-acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID-19. ' 'FASEB J. 2020;34:13185–93.', 'DOI': '10.1096/fj.202001807'}, { 'issue': '26', 'key': '354_CR80', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '16292', 'DOI': '10.1021/acsomega.0c02125', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'S Hati', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Hati S, Bhattacharyya S. Impact of thiol-disulfide balance on the ' 'binding of Covid-19 spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ' 'receptor. ACS Omega. 2020;5(26):16292–8.', 'journal-title': 'ACS Omega'}, { 'key': '354_CR81', 'first-page': '101063', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'RI Horowitz', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Horowitz RI, Freeman PR, Bruzzese J. Efficacy of glutathione therapy in ' 'relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: a report of 2 ' 'cases. Respir Med Case Rep. 2020;30:101063.', 'journal-title': 'Respir Med Case Rep'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '354_CR82', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '280', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12603-012-0376-6', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'CK Tseng', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Tseng CK, Ho CT, Hsu HS, Lin CH, Li CI, Li TC, et al. Selenium is ' 'inversely associated with interleukin-6 in the elderly. 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' 'Free Radic Biol Med. 2007;42(12):1826–37.', 'journal-title': 'Free Radic Biol Med'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '354_CR85', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1234', 'DOI': '10.1038/ng1655', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'JE Curran', 'year': '2005', 'unstructured': 'Curran JE, Jowett JBM, Elliott KS, Gao Y, Gluschenko K, Wang J, et al. ' 'Genetic variation in selenoprotein S influences inflammatory response. ' 'Nat Genet. 2005;37(11):1234–41.', 'journal-title': 'Nat Genet'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '354_CR86', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '281', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0954422418000124', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'JB Belsky', 'year': '2018', 'unstructured': 'Belsky JB, Wira CR, Vinitha J, Sather JE, Lee PJ. A review of ' 'micronutrients in sepsis: the role of thiamine, l-carnitine, vitamin C, ' 'selenium and vitamin D. Nutr Res Rev. 2018;31(2):281–90.', 'journal-title': 'Nutr Res Rev'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '354_CR87', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '990', 'DOI': '10.1093/bja/aev073', 'volume': '114', 'author': 'K Mertens', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Mertens K, Lowes DA, Webster NR, Talib J, Hall L, Davies MJ, et al. Low ' 'zinc and selenium concentrations in sepsis are associated with oxidative ' 'damage and inflammation. Br J Anaesth. 2015;114(6):990–9.', 'journal-title': 'Br J Anaesth'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '354_CR88', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '226', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.11.001', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'D Viezeliene', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Viezeliene D, Beekhof P, Gremmer E, Rodovicius H, Sadauskiene I, Jansen ' 'E, et al. Selective induction of IL-6 by aluminum-induced oxidative ' 'stress can be prevented by selenium. J Trace Elem Med Biol. ' '2013;27(3):226–9.', 'journal-title': 'J Trace Elem Med Biol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '354_CR89', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '85', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1096-2190(00)00009-3', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'SM Wood', 'year': '2000', 'unstructured': 'Wood SM, Beckham C, Yosioka A, Darban H, Watson RR. β-Carotene and ' 'selenium supplementation enhances immune response in aged humans. Integr ' 'Med. 2000;2(2):85–92.', 'journal-title': 'Integr Med'}, { 'issue': '1-3', 'key': '354_CR90', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '254', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12011-010-8726-x', 'volume': '141', 'author': 'L Yu', 'year': '2011', 'unstructured': 'Yu L, Sun L, Nan Y, Zhu LY. Protection from H1N1 influenza virus ' 'infections in mice by supplementation with selenium: a comparison with ' 'selenium-deficient mice. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011;141(1-3):254–61.', 'journal-title': 'Biol Trace Elem Res'}, { 'key': '354_CR91', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '62', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.12.002', 'volume': '207', 'author': 'B Shojadoost', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Shojadoost B, Kulkarni RR, Yitbarek A, Laursen A, Taha-Abdelaziz K, ' 'Negash Alkie T, et al. Dietary selenium supplementation enhances ' 'antiviral immunity in chickens challenged with low pathogenic avian ' 'influenza virus subtype H9N2. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2019;207:62–8.', 'journal-title': 'Vet Immunol Immunopathol'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '354_CR92', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '653', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.24366', 'volume': '88', 'author': 'Z Cheng', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Cheng Z, Zhi X, Sun G, Guo W, Huang Y, Sun W, et al. Sodium selenite ' 'suppresses hepatitis B virus transcription and replication in human ' 'hepatoma cell lines. J Med Virol. 2016;88(4):653–63.', 'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'}, { 'key': '354_CR93', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '107', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.032', 'volume': '156', 'author': 'H Sies', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': '• Sies H, Parnham MJ. Potential therapeutic use of ebselen for COVID-19 ' 'and other respiratory viral infections. Free Radic Biol Med. ' '2020;156:107–12 This article discusses the potential benefits of ' 'organoselenium drug, ebselen for improving COVID-19 disease.', 'journal-title': 'Free Radic Biol Med'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '354_CR94', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '269', 'DOI': '10.1111/1348-0421.12715', 'volume': '63', 'author': 'B Maqbool', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Maqbool B, Wang Y, Cui X, He S, Guan R, Wang S, et al. Ginseng stem-leaf ' 'saponins in combination with selenium enhance immune responses to an ' 'attenuated pseudorabies virus vaccine. Microbiol Immunol. ' '2019;63(7):269–79.', 'journal-title': 'Microbiol Immunol'}, { 'key': '354_CR95', 'first-page': '2714257', 'volume': '2020', 'author': 'Y Wang', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Wang Y, Cui X, Yuan L, Maqbool B, Xu W, He S, et al. A Solution with ' 'ginseng saponins and selenium as vaccine diluent to increase Th1/Th2 ' 'immune responses in mice. J Immunol Res. 2020;2020:2714257.', 'journal-title': 'J Immunol Res'}, { 'key': '354_CR96', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '109878', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109878', 'volume': '143', 'author': 'M Kieliszek', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Kieliszek M, Lipinski B. Selenium supplementation in the prevention of ' 'coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:109878.', 'journal-title': 'Med Hypotheses'}, { 'issue': 'Suppl 1', 'key': '354_CR97', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '62', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jtemb.2007.09.021', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'X Forceville', 'year': '2007', 'unstructured': 'Forceville X. Effects of high doses of selenium, as sodium selenite, in ' 'septic shock patients a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, ' 'multi-center phase II study--selenium and sepsis. J Trace Elem Med Biol. ' '2007;21(Suppl 1):62–5.', 'journal-title': 'J Trace Elem Med Biol'}, { 'key': '354_CR98', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': '• Bermano G, Méplan C, Mercer DK, Hesketh JE. Selenium and viral ' 'infection: are there lessons for COVID-19? Br J Nutr. ' '2021;125(6):618–27. This review discusses the potential influence of ' 'selenium status on COVID-19 disease.', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0007114520003128'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '354_CR99', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e0115833', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0115833', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'G Liu', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Liu G, Yang G, Guan G, Zhang Y, Ren W, Yin J, et al. Effect of dietary ' 'selenium yeast supplementation on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) ' 'infections in mice. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0115833.', 'journal-title': 'PLoS One'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '354_CR100', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '29', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13613-015-0071-y', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'L Chelkeba', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': '• Chelkeba L, Ahmadi A, Abdollahi M, Najafi A, Ghadimi MH, Mosaed R, et ' 'al. The effect of parenteral selenium on outcomes of mechanically ' 'ventilated patients following sepsis: a prospective randomized clinical ' 'trial. Ann Intensive Care. 2015;5(1):29 Selenium supplementation ' 'improved activity of antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase in ' 'septic patients.', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intensive Care'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '354_CR101', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1120', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00134-011-2212-6', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'W Manzanares', 'year': '2011', 'unstructured': '•• Manzanares W, Biestro A, Torre MH, Galusso F, Facchin G, Hardy G. ' 'High-dose selenium reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia and illness ' 'severity in critically ill patients with systemic inflammation. ' 'Intensive Care Med. 2011;37(7):1120–7 This clinical trial found ' 'improvement in illness severity of critically ill patients Further ' 'reduction in incidence of hospital acquired pneumonia was observed after ' 'selenium supplementation.', 'journal-title': 'Intensive Care Med'}, { 'key': '354_CR102', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '357', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.12.016', 'volume': '44', 'author': 'A Mahmoodpoor', 'year': '2018', 'unstructured': '•• Mahmoodpoor A, Hamishehkar H, Sanaie S, Behruzizad N, Iranpour A, ' 'Koleini E, et al. Antioxidant reserve of the lungs and ' 'ventilator-associated pneumonia: a clinical trial of high dose selenium ' 'in critically ill patients. J Crit Care. 2018;44:357–62 This clinical ' 'trial tested the effect of a high dose of selenium in critically ill ' 'patients on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. 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