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Nutraceuticals and pharmacological to balance the transitional microbiome to extend immunity during COVID-19 and other viral infections

Kaushal, A., Journal of Translational Medicine, doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05587-9
Sep 2024  
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Review of nutraceuticals and pharmacological interventions to balance the microbiome and boost immunity during COVID-19 and other viral infections. Authors propose that optimal usage of probiotics, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, flavonoids, interferons, and corticosteroids can help regulate the protective immune response and balance the gut microbiota. Many studies have shown probiotics like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines to control immunostimulatory effects in respiratory infections. Dietary fibers and their microbial metabolites can also control NF-kB inflammatory signaling. Vitamins C and D modulate the gut microbiome and halt pathogen propagation, while selenium and flavonoids control redox regulation. Interferons can antagonize viral replication, and corticosteroids may reduce death rates. Overall, the authors suggest the collective effects of these nutraceutical and pharmacological therapeutics could help balance the microbiome, harmonize immune cell activity, and establish homeostasis to enable faster recovery from infectious diseases like COVID-19.
Reviews covering selenium for COVID-19 include1-8.
Review covers probiotics, selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin D.
Kaushal et al., 18 Sep 2024, peer-reviewed, 1 author. Contact: anjukaushal186@hotmail.com, anjukaushal186@gmail.com.
This PaperSeleniumAll
Nutraceuticals and pharmacological to balance the transitional microbiome to extend immunity during COVID-19 and other viral infections
Anju Kaushal
Journal of Translational Medicine, doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05587-9
Scope The underlying medical conditions and gut dysbiosis is known to influence COVID-19 severity in high-risk patients. The current review proposed the optimal usage of nutraceuticals & pharmacological interventions can help regulate the protective immune response and balance the regulatory functionality of gut microbiota. Summary Many studies have revealed that the probiotic interventions viz., Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. plantarum & other bacterial spp. reduce IFNγ & TNF-α and increase IL-4 & IL-10 secretions to control the immunostimulatory effects in upper respiratory tract infection. Dietary fibres utilized by beneficial microbiota and microbial metabolites can control the NF-kB regulation. Vitamin C halts the propagation of pathogens and vitamin D and A modulate the GM. Selenium and Flavonoids also control the redox regulations. Interferon therapy can antagonize the viral replications, while corticosteroids may reduce the death rates. BCG vaccine reprograms the monocytes to build trained immunity. Bifidobacterium and related microbes were found to increase the vaccine efficacy. Vaccines against COVID-19 and season flu also boost the immunity profile for robust protection. Over all, the collective effects of these therapeutics could help increase the opportunities for faster recovery from infectious diseases. Conclusion The nutraceutical supplements and pharmacological medicines mediate the modulatory functionalities among beneficial microbes of gut, which in turn eliminate pathogens, harmonize the activity of immune cells to secrete essential regulatory molecular receptors and adaptor proteins establishing the homeostasis in the body organs through essential microbiome. Therefore, the implementation of this methodology could control the severity events during clinical sickness and reduce the mortalities.
Abbreviations ARDS Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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The current review proposed the optimal ' 'usage of nutraceuticals &amp; pharmacological interventions can help regulate the protective ' 'immune response and balance the regulatory functionality of gut microbiota.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Summary</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Many studies have revealed that the probiotic interventions viz., ' '<jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>L. plantarum</jats:italic> ' '&amp; other bacterial spp. reduce IFNγ &amp; TNF-α and increase IL-4 &amp; IL-10 secretions ' 'to control the immunostimulatory effects in upper respiratory tract infection. Dietary fibres ' 'utilized by beneficial microbiota and microbial metabolites can control the NF-kB regulation. ' 'Vitamin C halts the propagation of pathogens and vitamin D and A modulate the GM. Selenium ' 'and Flavonoids also control the redox regulations. 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Acta Scientific ' 'Microbiology (2581-3226). 2021;4(3):199–212.', 'journal-title': 'Acta Sci Microbiol (2581–3226)'}], 'container-title': 'Journal of Translational Medicine', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12967-024-05587-9.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-024-05587-9/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12967-024-05587-9.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 18]], 'date-time': '2024-09-18T19:03:18Z', 'timestamp': 1726686198000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-024-05587-9'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 18]]}, 'references-count': 95, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 12]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['5587'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05587-9', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1479-5876'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'J Transl Med', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 18]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '18 December 2023', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '8 August 2024', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '18 September 2024', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, {'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Declarations'}}, { 'value': 'Not applicable.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethics approval and consent to participate'}}, { 'value': 'Author has read and approved the final manuscript for publication.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}}, { 'value': 'Author has declared no conflict of interest.', 'order': 4, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '847'}
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