The Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kaneez Fatima, Talal Almas, Shan Lakhani, Arshia Jahangir, Abdullah Ahmed, Ayra Siddiqui, Aiman Rahim, Saleha Ahmed Qureshi, Zukhruf Arshad, Shilpa Golani, Adeena Musheer
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7030037
COVID-19 has proved to be a serious, and consequential disease that has affected millions of people globally. Previously, the adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been observed with increasing the risk of pneumonia and COVID-19. This meta-analysis aims to address the relationship between the use of PPI and the severity of COVID-19 infection. We conducted a systemic literature search from PUBMED, Science Direct, and Cinahl from December 2019 to January 2022. Published and unpublished randomized control trials and cohort studies were included. Review Manager was used for all statistical analyses. In total, 14 studies were included in this systemic review and meta-analysis. Outcomes of interest include: (1) susceptibility of COVID-19 infection and (2) severity of COVID-19 (defined as the composite of poor outcomes: ICU admission, need for oxygen therapy, need for a ventilator, or death), and (3) mortality due to COVID-19. PPI use was marginally associated with a nominal but statistically significant increase in the risk of COVID-19 infection (OR 1.05 [1.01, 1.09]; I 2 97%, p = 0.007). PPI use also increased the risk of the composite poor outcome (OR 1.84 [1.71, 1.99]; I 2 98%, p < 0.00001) and mortality (OR 1.12 [1.00, 1.25]; I 2 84%, p = 0.05) in patients with COVID-19.
Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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'abstract': '<jats:p>COVID-19 has proved to be a serious, and consequential disease that has affected '
'millions of people globally. Previously, the adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) '
'have been observed with increasing the risk of pneumonia and COVID-19. This meta-analysis '
'aims to address the relationship between the use of PPI and the severity of COVID-19 '
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