Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy
Katherine M Diguilio, Elizabeth Rybakovsky, Reza Abdavies, Romy Chamoun, Colleen A Flounders, Ariel Shepley-Mctaggart, Ronald N Harty, James M Mullin
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms23062995
The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell-and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care-but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general-to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.
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'morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large '
'body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce '
'barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture '
'as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can '
'exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this '
'review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these '
'micronutrients can induce cell- and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight '
'junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now '
'exists in critical care—but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general—to '
'consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics '
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'article-title': 'Spontaneous and cytokine-induced hole formation in epithelial cell '
'layers: Implications for barrier function studies with the gingival '
'cell culture, Gie-3B11, and other epithelial models',
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'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 10]]},
'references-count': 402,
'journal-issue': {'issue': '6', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3]]}},
'alternative-id': ['ijms23062995'],
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23062995',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['1422-0067'],
'issn-type': [{'value': '1422-0067', 'type': 'electronic'}],
'subject': [ 'Inorganic Chemistry', 'Organic Chemistry', 'Physical and Theoretical Chemistry',
'Computer Science Applications', 'Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Biology', 'General Medicine',
'Catalysis'],
'published': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 10]]}}
