All Studies Meta Analysis

Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy

DiGuilio et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms23062995

Mar 2022

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Vitamin A for COVID-19

42nd treatment shown to reduce risk in June 2023, now with p = 0.021 from 14 studies.

Lower risk for recovery and cases.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.

5,100+ studies for 109 treatments. c19early.org

Review of epithelial and endothelial barrier compromise and associated disease risk including COVID-19, and the potential benefits of vitamin A, vitamin D, and zinc for improving barrier function.

Reviews covering vitamin A for COVID-19 include1-4.

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

Review covers vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc.

1. DiGuilio et al., Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms23062995.mdpi.com, doi.org.

2. Stephensen et al., Vitamin A in resistance to and recovery from infection: relevance to SARS-CoV2, British Journal of Nutrition, doi:10.1017/S0007114521000246.cambridge.org, doi.org.

3. Midha et al., Mega doses of retinol: A possible immunomodulation in Covid-19 illness in resource-limited settings, Reviews in Medical Virology, doi:10.1002/rmv.2204.wiley.com, doi.org.

4. Andrade et al., Vitamin A and D deficiencies in the prognosis of respiratory tract infections: A systematic review with perspectives for COVID-19 and a critical analysis on supplementation, SciELO preprints, doi:10.1590/SciELOPreprints.839.scielo.org, doi.org.

DiGuilio et al., 10 Mar 2022, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.

This Paper Vitamin A All

Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy

Katherine M Diguilio, Elizabeth Rybakovsky, Reza Abdavies, Romy Chamoun, Colleen A Flounders, Ariel Shepley-Mctaggart, Ronald N Harty, James M Mullin

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms23062995

The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell-and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care-but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general-to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.

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Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can ' 'exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this ' 'review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these ' 'micronutrients can induce cell- and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight ' 'junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now ' 'exists in critical care—but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general—to ' 'consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics ' 'in a variety of disease management. 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