All Studies Meta Analysis

Zinc2+ ion inhibits SARS-CoV-2 main protease and viral replication in vitro

Panchariya et al., Chemical Communications, doi:10.1039/D1CC03563K

Jun 2021

Post
Facebook

Source PDF All Studies Meta AnalysisMeta

Zinc for COVID-19

2nd treatment shown to reduce risk in July 2020, now with p = 0.00000032 from 46 studies, recognized in 17 countries.

Lower risk for mortality, ventilation, hospitalization, progression, recovery, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.

5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19early.org

In Silico and In Vitro study showing that ionic zinc inhibits SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^pro) and inhibits viral replication.

Zinc acetate inhibited viral replication in Vero E6 cells, while zinc glycinate and zinc gluconate did not at non-toxic concentrations. The combination of zinc acetate with zinc ionophore quercetin significantly improved inhibition at low concentrations.

10 preclinical studies support the efficacy of zinc for COVID-19:

5 In Silico studies1-5

4 In Vitro studies3,6-8

1 In Vivo animal study3

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

1. Agamah et al., Network-based multi-omics-disease-drug associations reveal drug repurposing candidates for COVID-19 disease phases, ScienceOpen, doi:10.58647/DRUGARXIV.PR000010.v1.scienceopen.com, doi.org.

2. Lockwood, T., Coordination chemistry suggests that independently observed benefits of metformin and Zn2+ against COVID-19 are not independent, BioMetals, doi:10.1007/s10534-024-00590-5.springer.com, doi.org.

3. El-Megharbel et al., Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of (Artemisinin/Quercetin/ Zinc) novel mixed ligand complex with assessment of its potent high antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and antioxidant capacity against toxicity induced by acrylamide in male rats, PeerJ, doi:10.7717/peerj.15638.peerj.com, doi.org.

4. Bess et al., Identification of oral therapeutics using an AI platform against the virus responsible for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1297924.frontiersin.org, doi.org.

5. Pormohammad et al., Zinc and SARS-CoV-2: A molecular modeling study of Zn interactions with RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase and 3C-like proteinase enzymes, International Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4790.spandidos-publications.com, doi.org.

6. Hajdrik et al., In Vitro Determination of Inhibitory Effects of Humic Substances Complexing Zn and Se on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Replication, Foods, doi:10.3390/foods11050694.mdpi.com, doi.org.

7. Panchariya et al., Zinc2+ ion inhibits SARS-CoV-2 main protease and viral replication in vitro, Chemical Communications, doi:10.1039/D1CC03563K.rsc.org, doi.org.

8. te Velthuis et al., Zn2+ Inhibits Coronavirus and Arterivirus RNA Polymerase Activity In Vitro and Zinc Ionophores Block the Replication of These Viruses in Cell Culture, PLOS Pathogens 2010, 6:11, doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176.plos.org, doi.org.

Panchariya et al., 15 Jun 2021, peer-reviewed, 18 authors.

In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.

This Paper Zinc All

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-05-03T08:29:16Z', 'timestamp': 1714724956915}, 'reference-count': 31, 'publisher': 'Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)', 'issue': '78', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 8, 27]], 'date-time': '2022-08-27T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1661558400000}, 'content-version': 'am', 'delay-in-days': 603, 'URL': 'http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100001843', 'name': 'Science and Engineering Research Board', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['IPA/2020/000285']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['rsc.org'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'abstract': 'Zn2+binds to the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease ' '(Mpro), and inhibits enzyme activity and viral replicationin ' 'vitro.', 'DOI': '10.1039/d1cc03563k', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 8, 27]], 'date-time': '2021-08-27T15:41:01Z', 'timestamp': 1630078861000}, 'page': '10083-10086', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/rsc_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 33, 'title': 'Zinc<sup>2+</sup>ion inhibits SARS-CoV-2 main protease and viral replication<i>in vitro</i>', 'prefix': '10.1039', 'volume': '57', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2194-1323', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Love', 'family': 'Panchariya', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-3316', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Wajahat Ali', 'family': 'Khan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-2105', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Shobhan', 'family': 'Kuila', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-1140', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Kirtishila', 'family': 'Sonkar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-0911', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Sibasis', 'family': 'Sahoo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Archita', 'family': 'Ghoshal', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Ankit', 'family': 'Kumar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-493X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Dileep Kumar', 'family': 'Verma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-7052', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Abdul', 'family': 'Hasan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-8601', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Mohd Azeem', 'family': 'Khan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Niyati', 'family': 'Jain', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Near Jubilee ' 'Hall, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Amit Kumar', 'family': 'Mohapatra', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Shubhashis', 'family': 'Das', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, ' 'Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110 067, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Jitendra K.', 'family': 'Thakur', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, ' 'Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110 067, India'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-1419', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Souvik', 'family': 'Maiti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura ' 'Road, New Delhi, 110025, India'}, { 'name': 'Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), ' 'Ghaziabad, 201002, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Ranjan Kumar', 'family': 'Nanda', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Rajkumar', 'family': 'Halder', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Ruhvenile Biomedical OPC PVT LTD, Plot No-8, OCF Pocket ' 'Institution, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi-110070, India'}]}, { 'given': 'Sujatha', 'family': 'Sunil', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4606-8006', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Arulandu', 'family': 'Arockiasamy', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic ' 'Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New ' 'Delhi-110067, India'}]}], 'member': '292', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '265', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3', 'volume': '579', 'author': 'Wu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'm4857', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.m4857', 'volume': '371', 'author': 'Wise', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit3', 'first-page': '28', 'author': 'Yadav', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J. Travel Med.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '343', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014', 'volume': '100', 'author': 'Jothimani', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Infect. Dis.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit5', 'first-page': '13', 'author': 'Vogel-Gonzalez', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1228', 'DOI': '10.1099/jmm.0.001250', 'volume': '69', 'author': 'Carlucci', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Med. Microbiol.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit7', 'author': 'Frontera', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Res. Sq.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '106214', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106214', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'Derwand', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '244', 'DOI': '10.1039/C4MT00094C', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Kochanczyk', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Metallomics'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '197', 'DOI': '10.1007/s10534-013-9613-7', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Maret', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Biometals'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '7', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.02.003', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Maret', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '696', 'DOI': '10.1093/advances/nmz013', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Read', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Adv. Nutr.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '116', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.febslet.2004.08.015', 'volume': '574', 'author': 'Hsu', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'FEBS Lett.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e1001176', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'te Velthuis', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Pathog.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '279', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-020-20542-0', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Kokic', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nat. Commun.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '409', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.abb3405', 'volume': '368', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'eabe0751', 'DOI': '10.1126/sciadv.abe0751', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Sacco', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Sci. Adv.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-019-13993-7', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Vuong', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nat. Commun.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '678', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41422-020-0356-z', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Ma', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell Res.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'Owen', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv', 'DOI': '10.1101/2021.07.28.21261232'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '289', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2223-y', 'volume': '582', 'author': 'Jin', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '7646', 'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.M807947200', 'volume': '284', 'author': 'Lee', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'J. Biol. Chem.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '5454', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.febslet.2007.10.048', 'volume': '581', 'author': 'Lee', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'FEBS Lett.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '642', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.abf7945', 'volume': '372', 'author': 'Gunther', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '168', 'DOI': '10.3390/biom9050168', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Cragnell', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Biomolecules'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '483', 'DOI': '10.1093/oxfordjournals.jac.a020864', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'Eby', 'year': '1997', 'journal-title': 'J. Antimicrob. Chemother.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '482', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.017', 'volume': '74', 'author': 'Eby III', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Med. Hypotheses'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '8085', 'DOI': '10.1021/jf5014633', 'volume': '62', 'author': 'Dabbagh-Bazarbachi', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'J. Agric. Food Chem.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit29', 'first-page': '544', 'volume': '65', 'author': 'Bratu', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Rev. Chim.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1038/sigtrans.2017.29', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Bafaro', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Signal Transduction Targeted Ther.'}, { 'key': 'D1CC03563K/cit31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2285', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms18112285', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Maret', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Mol. Sci.'}], 'container-title': 'Chemical Communications', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2021/CC/D1CC03563K', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 18]], 'date-time': '2024-04-18T01:57:29Z', 'timestamp': 1713405449000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1CC03563K'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021]]}, 'references-count': 31, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '78', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 30]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D1CC03563K', 'relation': { 'has-preprint': [ { 'id-type': 'doi', 'id': '10.1101/2021.06.15.448551', 'asserted-by': 'object'}]}, 'ISSN': ['1359-7345', '1364-548X'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Chem. Commun.', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021]]}}

Download Image

Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.

Submit

Post

@CovidAnalysis

FAQ

Public domain CC0 1.0