Abstract: TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 28 November 2022 DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022673 OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY Anika E. Wagner, University of Giessen, Germany REVIEWED BY Davide Firinu, Università di Cagliari, Italy Holger Steinbrenner, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany *CORRESPONDENCE Lutz Schomburg lutz.schomburg@charite.de † These authors have contributed equally to this work SPECIALTY SECTION This article was submitted to Nutritional Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology RECEIVED 18 August 2022 ACCEPTED 31 October 2022 PUBLISHED 28 November 2022 Association of COVID-19 mortality with serum selenium, zinc and copper: Six observational studies across Europe Kamil Demircan 1†, Thilo Samson Chillon 1†, Tommy Bracken 2, Ilaria Bulgarelli 3, Irene Campi 4, Gijs Du Laing 5, Samira Fafi-Kremer 6, Laura Fugazzola 4,7, Alejandro Abner Garcia 8, Raban Heller 1,9,10, David J. Hughes 11, Louis Ide 12, Georg Jochen Klingenberg 1, Pawel Komarnicki 13, Zbigniew Krasinski 14, Alain Lescure 15, Patrick Mallon 8, Arash Moghaddam 16, Luca Persani 4,17, Mirko Petrovic 18, Marek Ruchala 13, Morgane Solis 6, Linos Vandekerckhove 18 and Lutz Schomburg 1* Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany, 2 School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 3 Laboratorio Analisi Cliniche, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy, 4 Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy, 5 Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium, 6 CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg, France, 7 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, 8 Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 9 Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 10 Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany, 11 School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 12 Laboratory Medicine, AZ Jan Palfijn AV, Gent, Belgium, 13 Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, 14 Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, 15 Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, 16 Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Aschaffenburg, Germany, 17 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, 18 Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium 1 CITATION Demircan K, Chillon TS, Bracken T, Bulgarelli I, Campi I, Du Laing G, Fafi-Kremer S, Fugazzola L, Garcia AA, Heller R, Hughes DJ, Ide L, Klingenberg GJ, Komarnicki P, Krasinski Z, Lescure A, Mallon P, Moghaddam A, Persani L, Petrovic M, Ruchala M, Solis M, Vandekerckhove L and Schomburg L (2022) Association of COVID-19 mortality with serum selenium, zinc and copper: Six observational studies across..