Association of Serum Vitamin D level and COVID-19 infection: A Case-control Study
Abdrabbo AlYafei et al.,
Association of Serum Vitamin D level and COVID-19 infection: A Case-control Study,
Qatar Medical Journal, doi:10.5339/qmj.2022.48
Retrospective 16,446 COVID-19 patients and 46,005 healthy controls in Qatar, showing higher risk of COVID-19 infection with vitamin D deficiency.
risk of case, 23.2% lower, OR 0.77, p < 0.001, cutoff 10ng/mL, adjusted per study, inverted to make OR<1 favor high D levels (≥10ng/mL), case control OR, severe deficiency vs. optimal, multivariable.
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risk of case, 21.5% lower, OR 0.78, p < 0.001, cutoff 20ng/mL, adjusted per study, inverted to make OR<1 favor high D levels (≥20ng/mL), case control OR, mild/moderate deficiency vs. optimal, multivariable.
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Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
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Abdrabbo AlYafei et al., 5 Dec 2022, retrospective, Qatar, peer-reviewed, mean age 19.0, 5 authors.
Contact:
nalyafei@phcc.gov.qa.
Abstract: RESEARCH PAPER
Association of Serum Vitamin D level and COVID-19
infection: A Case-control Study
Najat Abdrabbo AlYafei1*, Bushra Naaz Fathima Jaleel1, Abdel-Salam G. Abdel-Salam2,
Hamda Ali Al-Saadi1, Samya Ahmad Al Abdulla1
ABSTRACT
Address for Correspondence:
Najat Abdrabbo AlYafei1*
1
Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar
2
Department of Mathmatics, Statistics and Physics,
College of Art and Sciences, Qatar unitversity, Doha,
Box. 2713, Qatar
Email & ORCID ID: nalyafei@phcc.gov.qa & https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-8071-3646
http://doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2022.48
Submitted: 31 May 2022
Accepted: 22 August 2022
© 2022 AlYafei, Jaleel, Abdel-Salam, Al-Saadi, Al Abdulla,
licensee HBKU Press. This is an open access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license
CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Cite this article as: AlYafei NA, Jaleel BNF,
Abdel-Salam ASG, Al-Saadi HA, Al Abdulla SA.
Association of Serum Vitamin D level and
COVID-19 infection: A Case-control Study,
Qatar Medical Journal 2022(4):48 http://doi.
org/10.5339/qmj.2022.48
Background: Vitamin D is considered a potent
modulator of the immune system, albeit its role in
COVID-19 infection is a matter of debate. The
present study aimed to estimate the association
between serum vitamin D levels and COVID-19
among people in Qatar.
Methods: This case-control study, approved by the
Institutional Review Board of Primary Health Care
Corporation (PHCC) Qatar, retrospectively evaluated
the principal public healthcare sector population data
repository retrieved from the cloud-based Electronic
Health Record (EHR) software-Cerner, during April
2020–2021. The health records of all adult patients
aged .18 years who had undergone the reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
test and whose medical records had documented
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH)D] levels were
analyzed.
Results: A total of 924,173 EHRs were extracted, of
which 62,451 EHR comprised of 16,446 (26.3%)
COVID-19 patients and 46,005 (73.7%) negativecontrol group patients met the inclusion criteria. The
odds ratio (OR) among different categories of vitamin
D deficiency (VDD) revealed that people with mild/
moderate VDD were 1.18 times (95% CI 1.126–
1.258) and those with severe VDD were 1.90 times
(95% CI 1.116–1.251) more likely to have COVID-19
infection when compared to the people with optimal
serum vitamin D level. On applying multiple logistic
regression, the odds of having COVID-19 infection
were found to be 1.27 times (95% CI 1.184–1.371)
higher among those with mild/moderate VDD and
1.32 times (95% CI 1.206–1.405) higher among
those with severe VDD when compared to people with
optimal vitamin D level ( p , 0.001).
QATAR MEDICAL JOURNAL 1
VOL. 2022 / ART. 48
Association of Serum Vitamin D level and COVID-19 infection: A Case-control Study
AlYafei et al.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated a significant
association between the suboptimal serum vitamin D
level and COVID-19 infection. Further studies are
required to determine the effects of VDD on the
severity and outcomes of COVID-19 infections.
undertaken to estimate the association between
serum vitamin D levels and COVID-19 among people
who undertook reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19 infection
during the study period of April 2020–2021.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, RT-PCR,..
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