The Association Between the Level of Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D, Obesity, and underlying Diseases with the risk of Developing COVID-19 Infection: A case-control study of hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran
Abdollahi et al.,
The Association Between the Level of Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D, Obesity, and underlying Diseases with the risk of..,
Journal of Medical Virology, doi:10.1002/jmv.26726
Case control study with 201 patients and 201 matched controls in Iran showing vitamin D deficiency associated with COVID-19.
risk of case, 53.9% lower, RR 0.46, p = 0.001, high D levels 108, low D levels 294, >30ng/ml.
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Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
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Abdollahi et al., 12 Dec 2020, retrospective, Iran, peer-reviewed, 7 authors.
Abstract: Received: 15 September 2020
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Revised: 8 December 2020
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Accepted: 10 December 2020
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26726
RESEARCH ARTICLE
The association between the level of serum 25(OH) vitamin D,
obesity, and underlying diseases with the risk of developing
COVID‐19 infection: A case–control study of hospitalized
patients in Tehran, Iran
Alireza Abdollahi1
| Hasti Kamali Sarvestani2
Sara Ghaderkhani4
Vahid Mehrtash1
| Maedeh Mahmoudi‐Aliabadi5
1
Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital
Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| Zahra Rafat3
|
| Bita Jafarzadeh1 |
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The outbreak of COVID‐19 has created a global public
2
Department of Medical Mycology, School of
Public Health, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
health crisis. Little is known about the predisposing factors of this infection. The aim
of this study was to explore an association between the serum vitamin D level,
Department of Medical Microbiology, School
of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical
Sciences, Rasht, Iran
obesity, and underlying health conditions, as well as the vulnerability to COVID‐19
4
Department of Infectious Diseases and
Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Methods: We conducted a case–control study of 201 patients with coronavirus
5
Department of Laboratory, Imam Khomeini
Hospital Complex, Tehran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Alireza Abdollahi, Department of Pathology,
Imam Hospital Complex, School of Medicine,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran 1419733141, Iran.
Email: Alireza.a1345@yahoo.com
in the Iranian population.
infection and 201 controls. Cases and controls were matched for age and
gender. The study was carried out for 2 months (February 2020–April 2020) at
Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D was
measured using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. Information
containing age, gender, clinical symptoms, body mass index, computed tomography scan findings, and underlying health conditions related to each participant were elicited from health records.
Results: A significant negative correlation (p = .02) was observed between the
serum vitamin D level and developing coronavirus infection. Also, the results
showed that the COVID‐19 cases were more likely to be overweight than the
controls (p = .023). Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and respiratory infections
were found in 20.89%, 9.65%, and 6.96% of cases, respectively. These underlying health conditions were not significantly different between cases and
controls (p = .81).
Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency and obesity are two main predisposing factors
associated with the vulnerability to coronavirus infection in the Iranian population.
KEYWORDS
abdominal obesity, body mass index, COVID‐19, Iran, vitamin D
J Med Virol. 2021;93:2359–2364.
wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jmv
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
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ABDOLLAHI
| BACKGROUND
3 |
The world is now experiencing a major epidemic of coronavirus
ET AL.
MA T ER I A L S A N D M ET H O D S
3.1 | Study design and participants
(CoV) infection that began in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in
late 2019. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is the name for
This was a matched case–control study involving adult hospitalized
this disease and the virus that causes it is known as the severe
patients at..
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