Lack of association between vitamin D insufficiency and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1186/s12879-021-06168-7", "ISSN": [ "1471-2334" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06168-7", "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n <jats:p>A protective effect of vitamin D against COVID-19 infection is under investigation. We aimed to analyze the effect of vitamin D sufficiency on the clinical outcomes of patients infected with COVID-19.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study we analyzed the vitamin D levels of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Razi Hospital (an infectious disease referral center in Mazandaran province in northern Iran) from February to March 2020. Overall, a cutoff point of 30 ng/mL was used for the definition of vitamin D sufficiency.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n <jats:p>One hundred fifty-three patients were analyzed in this study who had laboratory documentation of a 25(OH) D level at the time of hospitalization. The vitamin D levels of the patients were 27.19 ± 20.17 ng/mL. In total, 62.7% (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 96) of the patients had a 25(OH) D level of less than 30 ng/mL and 37.25% (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 57) had a 25(OH) D level of more than 30 ng/mL. In total, 49% (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 75) of the patients suffered from at least one underlying disease. The univariate and multivariable regression showed that vitamin D sufficiency was not associated with a statistically significant lower risk of adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 such as duration of hospitalization and severity of infection (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05).</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Sufficient vitamin D levels were not found to be protective against adverse clinical outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19. Chronic disorders in COVID-19 patients were found to have greater relevance than vitamin D levels in determining the adverse outcomes of the infection. Further studies are needed to determine the role of vitamin D level in predicting the outcomes of COVID-19 infection.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>", "alternative-id": [ "6168" ], "article-number": "450", "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "order": 1, "value": "4 December 2020" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "order": 2, "value": "11 May 2021" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "First Online", "name": "first_online", "order": 3, "value": "18 May 2021" }, { "group": { "label": "Declarations", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 1 }, { "group": { "label": "Ethics approval and consent to participate", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 2, "value": "This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ramsar international branch of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences with code: IR.MAZUMS.RIB.REC.1399.019. In addition, written informed consent was obtained from all subjects or, for subjects under the age of 18, from a parent and/or legal guardian. In this study all applied methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations." }, { "group": { "label": "Consent for publication", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 3, "value": "Not applicable." }, { "group": { "label": "Competing interests", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 4, "value": "The authors declare that they have no competing interests." } ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Davoudi", "given": "Alireza", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Najafi", "given": "Narges", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Aarabi", "given": "Mohsen", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Tayebi", "given": "Atefeh", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Nikaeen", "given": "Roja", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Izadyar", "given": "Hamideh", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Salar", "given": "Zahra", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Delavarian", "given": "Leila", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Vaseghi", "given": "Narges", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Daftarian", "given": "Zahra", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ahangarkani", "given": "Fatemeh", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": [ "BMC Infectious Diseases" ], "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [ "link.springer.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 6, 4 ] ], "date-time": "2021-06-04T09:21:56Z", "timestamp": 1622798516000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 6, 4 ] ], "date-time": "2021-06-04T09:22:24Z", "timestamp": 1622798544000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 4, 22 ] ], "date-time": "2022-04-22T12:51:19Z", "timestamp": 1650631879410 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 4, "issn-type": [ { "type": "electronic", "value": "1471-2334" } ], "issue": "1", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 5, 18 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "1", "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 12 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 5, 18 ] ], "date-time": "2021-05-18T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1621296000000 } }, { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 5, 18 ] ], "date-time": "2021-05-18T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1621296000000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12879-021-06168-7.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-021-06168-7/fulltext.html", "content-type": "text/html", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12879-021-06168-7.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "297", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1186", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 5, 18 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 5, 18 ] ] }, "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 12 ] ] }, "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.3390/nu12040988", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "6168_CR1", "unstructured": "Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, Bhattoa HP: Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. 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