Lack of association between vitamin D insufficiency and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 22]], 'date-time': '2022-04-22T12:51:19Z', 'timestamp': 1650631879410}, 'reference-count': 37, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 5, 18]], 'date-time': '2021-05-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1621296000000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 5, 18]], 'date-time': '2021-05-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1621296000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'short-container-title': ['BMC Infect Dis'], 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 12]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>A protective effect of vitamin D against COVID-19 infection is under ' 'investigation. We aimed to analyze the effect of vitamin D sufficiency on the clinical ' 'outcomes of patients infected with COVID-19.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study we analyzed the vitamin D levels of ' 'COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Razi Hospital (an infectious disease referral center ' 'in Mazandaran province in northern Iran) from February to March 2020. Overall, a cutoff point ' 'of 30\u2009ng/mL was used for the definition of vitamin D sufficiency.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>One hundred fifty-three patients were analyzed in this study who had ' 'laboratory documentation of a 25(OH) D level at the time of hospitalization. The vitamin D ' 'levels of the patients were 27.19\u2009±\u200920.17\u2009ng/mL. In total, 62.7% ' '(<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>\u2009=\u200996) of the patients had a 25(OH) D level of less ' 'than 30\u2009ng/mL and 37.25% (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>\u2009=\u200957) had a 25(OH) D ' 'level of more than 30\u2009ng/mL. In total, 49% (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>\u2009=\u200975) ' 'of the patients suffered from at least one underlying disease. The univariate and ' 'multivariable regression showed that vitamin D sufficiency was not associated with a ' 'statistically significant lower risk of adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 such as ' 'duration of hospitalization and severity of infection (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>\u2009' '&gt;\u20090.05).</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Sufficient vitamin D levels were not found to be protective against ' 'adverse clinical outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19. Chronic disorders in COVID-19 ' 'patients were found to have greater relevance than vitamin D levels in determining the ' 'adverse outcomes of the infection. Further studies are needed to determine the role of ' 'vitamin D level in predicting the outcomes of COVID-19 infection.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12879-021-06168-7', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 6, 4]], 'date-time': '2021-06-04T09:21:56Z', 'timestamp': 1622798516000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 4, 'title': [ 'Lack of association between vitamin D insufficiency and clinical outcomes of patients with ' 'COVID-19 infection'], 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '21', 'author': [ {'given': 'Alireza', 'family': 'Davoudi', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Narges', 'family': 'Najafi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mohsen', 'family': 'Aarabi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Atefeh', 'family': 'Tayebi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Roja', 'family': 'Nikaeen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Hamideh', 'family': 'Izadyar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Zahra', 'family': 'Salar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Leila', 'family': 'Delavarian', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Narges', 'family': 'Vaseghi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Zahra', 'family': 'Daftarian', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Fatemeh', 'family': 'Ahangarkani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 5, 18]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '6168_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, ' 'Bhattoa HP: Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of ' 'Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. 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In addition, written informed consent was obtained ' 'from all subjects or, for subjects under the age of 18, from a parent and/or ' 'legal guardian. In this study all applied methods were carried out in ' 'accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethics approval and consent to participate'}}, { 'value': 'Not applicable.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare that they have no competing interests.', 'order': 4, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '450'}