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High-dose vitamin D supplementation in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia hospitalized in a polyvalent intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study

Vasconcelos et al., Nutrition in Clinical Practice, doi:10.1002/ncp.11277

Feb 2025

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Vitamin D for COVID-19

8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 125 studies, recognized in 9 countries.

Lower risk for mortality, ICU, hospitalization, progression, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.

5,300+ studies for 116 treatments. c19early.org

Retrospective ICU patients in Portugal, showing significantly lower mortality with vitamin D treatment.

This is the 125th COVID-19 controlled study for vitamin D, which collectively show efficacy with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 66 septillion).

30 studies are RCTs, which show efficacy with p=0.0000032.

Standard of Care (SOC): SOC for COVID-19 in the study country, Portugal, is poor with low average efficacy for approved treatments1. Only expensive, high-profit treatments were approved. Low-cost treatments were excluded, reducing the probability of treatment—especially early—due to access and cost barriers, and eliminating complementary and synergistic benefits seen with many low-cost treatments. This may explain in part the very high mortality seen in this study. Results may differ in countries with improved SOC.

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risk of death, 73.2% lower, RR 0.27, p = 0.02, treatment 9 of 72 (12.5%), control 18 of 54 (33.3%), NNT 4.8, adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, 60 days after discharge, multivariable.

risk of death, 66.7% lower, RR 0.33, p = 0.04, treatment 9 of 72 (12.5%), control 16 of 54 (29.6%), NNT 5.8, adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, in hospital, multivariable.

risk of death, 86.9% lower, RR 0.13, p = 0.006, treatment 3 of 72 (4.2%), control 13 of 54 (24.1%), NNT 5.0, adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, in ICU, multivariable.

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1. c19early.org, c19early.org/soc/portugal.html.c19early.org/soc/portugal.html.

Vasconcelos et al., 19 Feb 2025, retrospective, Portugal, peer-reviewed, 3 authors, study period 14 April, 2020 - 31 October, 2020, dosage 125,000IU days 1-2.

This Paper Vitamin D All

Late treatment
is less effective

Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.

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