In vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with 0.5% povidone iodine nasal spray (Nasodine) at clinically relevant concentrations and timeframes using tissue culture and PCR based assays

{ 'institution': [{'name': 'bioRxiv'}], 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 3, 30]], 'date-time': '2023-03-30T15:52:54Z', 'timestamp': 1680191574132}, 'posted': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 1]]}, 'group-title': 'Microbiology', 'reference-count': 25, 'publisher': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'accepted': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 1]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND</jats:title><jats:p>There ' 'has been considerable speculation regarding the potential of PVP-I nasal disinfection as an ' 'adjunct to other countermeasures during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Nasodine is a ' 'commercial formulation of 0.5% PVP-I that has been evaluated for safety and efficacy in human ' 'trials as a treatment for the common cold, including a Phase III trial (ANZCTR: ' 'ACTRN12619000764134). This study presents the first report of the <jats:italic>in ' 'vitro</jats:italic> efficacy of this formulation against ' 'SARS-CoV-2.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS</jats:title><jats:p>We conducted ' '<jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> experiments to determine if the PVP-I formulation ' 'inactivated SARS-CoV-2 using two independent assays and virus isolates, and incorporating ' 'both PCR-based detection and cell culture methods to assess residual virus after exposure to ' 'the formulation.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title><jats:p>Based ' 'on cell culture results, the PVP-I formulation was found to rapidly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 ' 'isolates <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> in short timeframes (15 seconds to 15 minutes) ' 'consistent with the minimum and maximum potential residence time in the nose. The Nasodine ' 'formula was found to be more effective than 0.5% PVP-I in saline. Importantly, it was found ' 'that the formulation inactivated culturable virus but had no effect on PCR-detectable viral ' 'RNA.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS</jats:title><jats:p>The PVP-I ' 'formulation eliminated the viability of SARS-CoV-2 virus with short exposure times consistent ' 'with nasal use. PCR alone may not be adequate for viral quantification in nasal PVP-I ' 'studies; future studies should incorporate cell culture to assess viral viability. Nasal ' 'disinfection with PVP-I may be a useful intervention for newly-diagnosed COVID-19 patients to ' 'reduce transmission risk and disease progression to the lower respiratory ' 'tract.</jats:p></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1101/2021.01.31.426979', 'type': 'posted-content', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 2]], 'date-time': '2021-02-02T21:12:18Z', 'timestamp': 1612300338000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 1, 'title': 'In vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with 0.5% povidone iodine nasal spray (Nasodine) at ' 'clinically relevant concentrations and timeframes using tissue culture and PCR based assays', 'prefix': '10.1101', 'author': [ {'given': 'S.P.', 'family': 'Tucker', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'S.', 'family': 'Goodall', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'J.', 'family': 'Julander', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'M.', 'family': 'Mendenhall', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'P.', 'family': 'Friedland', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'P.L.', 'family': 'Molloy', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '246', 'reference': [ { 'key': '2021020301300670000_2021.01.31.426979v1.1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Campbell RG . 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