A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Varespladib in Patients Hospitalized With Severe COVID 19 Caused by SARS-CoV-2

Lickteig et al., NCT04969991, STAIRS, NCT04969991, Nov 2022
Mortality -120% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk Ventilation -240% Progression -240% Varespladib for COVID-19  STAIRS  LATE TREATMENT RCT Is late treatment with varespladib beneficial for COVID-19? Double-blind RCT 18 patients in the USA Trial underpowered to detect differences c19early.org Lickteig et al., NCT04969991, November 2022 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
Very small early terminated RCT showing no significant differences with varespladib treatment.
Standard of Care (SOC) for COVID-19 in the study country, the USA, is very poor with very low average efficacy for approved treatments1. Only expensive, high-profit treatments were approved for early treatment. Low-cost treatments were excluded, reducing the probability of early treatment due to access and cost barriers, and eliminating complementary and synergistic benefits seen with many low-cost treatments.
risk of death, 120.0% higher, RR 2.20, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 15 (6.7%), control 0 of 3 (0.0%), continuity correction due to zero event (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
risk of mechanical ventilation, 240.0% higher, RR 3.40, p = 1.00, treatment 2 of 15 (13.3%), control 0 of 3 (0.0%), continuity correction due to zero event (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
risk of progression, 240.0% higher, RR 3.40, p = 1.00, treatment 2 of 15 (13.3%), control 0 of 3 (0.0%), continuity correction due to zero event (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), respiratory failure or death.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Lickteig et al., 22 Nov 2022, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, USA, preprint, 1 author, trial NCT04969991 (history) (STAIRS). Contact: tim@ophirex.com.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org November 2025 USA Russia Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan Canada China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Iceland New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia CAR USA favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment, andforgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org November 2025 USA Russia Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan Canada China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore New Zealand Malawi Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia Syria USA favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment,and forgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
Late treatment
is less effective
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