Supplementary Data — Hydrogen Peroxide reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta analysis of 8 studies

@CovidAnalysis, December 2025, Version 5V5
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Mukhtar (RCT) 86% 0.14 [0.01-2.69] death 0/46 3/46 CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Mukhtar (RCT) 86% 0.14 [0.01-2.69] ventilation 0/46 3/46 CT​1​ Mukhtar (RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.63-1.07] viral+ 28/43 35/44 CT​1​ Mukhtar (RCT) 14% 0.86 [0.76-0.98] viral+ 37/43 44/44 CT​1​ Jayaraman 50% 0.50 [0.23-1.08] viral+ 3/6 6/6 Short term viral Pablo-Marcos 12% 0.88 [0.48-1.58] viral load 17 (n) 40 (n) Pablo-Marcos -64% 1.64 [0.83-3.23] viral load 31 (n) 40 (n) AMPoL Gansky (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.02-6.86] no recov. 0/6 1/6 Di Domê.. (DB RCT) 50% 0.50 [0.05-5.08] ICU 1/20 2/20 Di Domê.. (DB RCT) 6% 0.94 [0.37-2.38] no improv. 18 (n) 17 (n) Di Domê.. (DB RCT) 7% 0.93 [0.71-1.22] no disch. 18 (n) 17 (n) Di Domê.. (DB RCT) 34% 0.66 [0.10-4.55] ICU 2/77 2/51 Di Domê.. (DB RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.61-1.67] no recov. 63 (n) 43 (n) Di Domê.. (DB RCT) 31% 0.69 [0.24-1.95] PASC 6/51 6/35 HOPE in COVID-19 Agrawal (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.04-2.94] death 1/20 3/20 HOPE in COVID-19 Agrawal (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.04-2.94] ventilation 1/20 3/20 HOPE in COVID-19 Agrawal (DB RCT) 46% 0.54 [0.44-0.66] oxygen time 19 (n) 17 (n) HOPE in COVID-19 Agrawal (DB RCT) 36% 0.64 [0.55-0.75] recov. time 19 (n) 17 (n) HOPE in COVID-19 Agrawal (DB RCT) 39% 0.61 [0.49-0.77] recov. time 19 (n) 17 (n) HOPE in COVID-19 Agrawal (DB RCT) 30% 0.70 [0.57-0.87] recov. time 19 (n) 17 (n) HOPE in COVID-19 Agrawal (DB RCT) 45% 0.55 [0.45-0.67] viral time 19 (n) 17 (n) Amoah 93% 0.07 [0.00-1.13] cases 94 (n) 372 (n) Amoah 93% 0.07 [0.00-1.25] cases 0/94 10/372 Amoah 98% 0.0 [0.00-7e+04] cases 0/8 62/458 Hydrogen peroxide COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors hydrogen peroxide Favors control
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.