Supplementary Data — Cannabidiol for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 11 studies

@CovidAnalysis, December 2025, Version 21V21
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Crippa (DB RCT) -557% 6.57 [0.35-124] hosp. 3/49 0/42 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Crippa (DB RCT) -33% 1.33 [0.86-2.08] recov. time 49 (n) 42 (n) Kuntzman (DB RCT) 77% 0.23 [0.01-4.49] death 0/7 1/3 Kuntzman (DB RCT) 57% 0.43 [0.04-4.82] ICU 1/7 1/3 Kuntzman (DB RCT) 22% 0.78 [0.30-2.01] hosp. time 7 (n) 3 (n) McNamara (DB RCT) 80% 0.20 [0.01-4.05] death 0/45 2/45 Nguyen 50% 0.50 [0.31-0.82] cases 26/531 48/531 Nguyen 33% 0.67 [0.49-0.91] cases 75/1,212 108/1,212 Huang -181% 2.81 [1.04-7.58] death 13,099 (all patients) Huang 19% 0.81 [0.73-0.90] cases 13,099 (all patients) Merianos -212% 3.12 [1.87-4.97] symp. case 94/416 20/384 Merianos -71% 1.71 [1.13-2.49] symp. case 77/416 38/384 Merianos -3% 1.03 [0.96-1.09] cases 367/416 317/384 Lehrer -24% 1.24 [1.05-1.45] cases n/a n/a Shover (PSM) 2% 0.98 [0.94-1.04] death 3/69 199/1,762 Shover (PSM) 5% 0.95 [0.91-0.99] ventilation 3/69 292/1,762 Shover (PSM) 9% 0.91 [0.85-0.99] ICU 8/69 543/1,762 Shover 3% 0.97 [0.92-1.02] oxygen 35/69 1,417/1,762 Mannumbet.. (PSM) 56% 0.44 [0.35-0.56] death Mannumbet.. (PSM) 25% 0.75 [0.70-0.81] ventilation Mannumbet.. (PSM) -6% 1.06 [1.02-1.10] hosp. time Griffith 3% 0.97 [0.82-1.14] death Griffith -27% 1.27 [1.14-1.41] ICU Griffith -80% 1.80 [1.68-1.93] hosp. Milad -101% 2.01 [1.37-2.94] cases 74/554 36/541 Milad -19% 1.19 [1.08-1.31] cases 374/554 307/541 Cannabidiol COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 Favors cannabidiol Favors control
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.