An observational multi-centric COVID-19 sequelae study among health care workers

Shukla et al., The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia, doi:10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100129, CTRI/2021/06/034255, Dec 2022
Long COVID 5% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk HCQ for COVID-19  Shukla et al.  PROPHYLAXIS Is pre-exposure prophylaxis with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 679 patients in India (July - October 2021) No significant difference in long COVID c19early.org Shukla et al., The Lancet Regional Hea.., Dec 2022 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 424 studies, used in 59 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
6,200+ studies for 200+ treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 679 healthcare workers post COVID-19 discharge, 76 using HCQ prophylaxis, showing no significant difference in PASC.
risk of long COVID, 5.0% lower, RR 0.95, p = 0.78, treatment 22 of 76 (28.9%), control 184 of 603 (30.5%), NNT 64, odds ratio converted to relative risk.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Shukla et al., 13 Dec 2022, retrospective, India, peer-reviewed, survey, 31 authors, study period July 2021 - October 2021, trial CTRI/2021/06/034255. Contact: ajay.pharm@aiimsbhopal.edu.in.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org November 2025 India United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Iceland New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia CAR Chad Syria India favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was moderate.Low-cost treatments improve early treatment, andprovide complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org November 2025 India United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Benin Serbia CAR Syria India favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy was moderate.Low-cost protocols improve early treatment,and add complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
An observational multi-centric COVID-19 sequelae study among health care workers
Ajay Kumar Shukla, Shubham Atal, Aditya Banerjee, Ratinder Jhaj, Sadasivam Balakrishnan, Preeta Kaur Chugh, Denis Xavier, Atiya Faruqui, Aakanksha Singh, Ramasamy Raveendran, Jayanthi Mathaiyan, Jeevitha Gauthaman, Urwashi I Parmar, Raakhi K Tripathi, Sandhya K Kamat, Niyati Trivedi, Prashant Shah, Janki Chauhan, Harihar Dikshit, Hitesh Mishra, Rajiv Kumar, Dinesh Kumar Badyal, Monika Sharma, Mamta Singla, Bikash Medhi, Ajay Prakash, Rupa Joshi, Nabendu S Chatterjee, Jerin Jose Cherian, Ved Prakash Kamboj, Nilima Kshirsagar
The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia, doi:10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100129
Background India has seen more than 43 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of April 2022, with a recovery rate of 98.8%, resulting in a large section of the population including the healthcare workers (HCWs), susceptible to develop post COVID sequelae. This study was carried out to assess the nature and prevalence of medical sequelae following COVID-19 infection, and risk factors, if any. Methods This was an observational, multicenter cross-sectional study conducted at eight tertiary care centers. The consenting participants were HCWs between 12 and 52 weeks post discharge after COVID-19 infection. Data on demographics, medical history, clinical features of COVID-19 and various symptoms of COVID sequelae was collected through specific questionnaire. Finding Mean age of the 679 eligible participants was 31.49 ± 9.54 years. The overall prevalence of COVID sequelae was 30.34%, with fatigue (11.5%) being the most common followed by insomnia (8.5%), difficulty in breathing during activity (6%) and pain in joints (5%). The odds of having any sequelae were significantly higher among participants who had moderate to severe COVID-19 (OR 6.51; 95% CI 3.46-12.23) and lower among males (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.39-0.76). Besides these, other predictors for having sequelae were age (≥45 years), presence of any
Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data related to this article can be found at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100129.
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