Supplementary Data — Montelukast reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta-analysis of 9 studies

@CovidAnalysis, October 2026, Version 9V9 (V1 2024)

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October 2026

Montelukast COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Lima-Morales78%0.22 · 0.12–0.41death15/48152/287EXCLUDEDCT¹ Lima-Morales52%0.48 · 0.20–1.18ventilation8/43411/287EXCLUDEDCT¹ Lima-Morales67%0.33 · 0.22–0.47hosp.44/48189/287EXCLUDEDCT¹ Lima-Morales59%0.41 · 0.30–0.55no recov.75/481118/287EXCLUDEDCT¹ Khan64%0.36 · 0.10–1.03progression3/3020/62 Khan12%0.88 · 0.67–1.14hosp. time30 (n)62 (n) Kumar (DB RCT)67%0.33 · 0.04–3.09ICU1/453/45 Kumar (DB RCT)−25%1.25 · 0.54–2.87progression10/458/45 Kumar (DB RCT)0%1.00 · 0.64–1.56no disch.21/4521/45 Kerget (RCT)92%0.08 · 0.00–1.41death0/1204/60 Kerget (RCT)89%0.11 · 0.01–2.02death0/604/60 Kerget (RCT)89%0.11 · 0.01–2.02death0/604/60 Kerget (RCT)81%0.19 · 0.05–0.68progression3/1208/60 Kerget (RCT)88%0.12 · 0.02–0.97progression1/608/60 Kerget (RCT)75%0.25 · 0.06–1.13progression2/608/60 Kerget (RCT)15%0.85 · 0.72–0.99hosp. time60 (n)60 (n) Kerget (RCT)15%0.85 · 0.74–0.99hosp. time60 (n)60 (n) Soltani (RCT)20%0.80 · 0.67–0.95hosp. time51 (n)76 (n) Soltani (RCT)25%0.75 · 0.64–0.88no recov.51 (n)76 (n) Soltani (RCT)21%0.79 · 0.62–1.02no recov.51 (n)76 (n) Mohamed H.. (RCT)50%0.50 · 0.41–0.61recov. time32 (n)36 (n)post-COVID cough Mohamed H.. (RCT)70%0.30 · 0.22–0.41recov. time32 (n)36 (n)post-COVID cough Mohamed H.. (RCT)82%0.18 · 0.11–0.30recov. time32 (n)36 (n)post-COVID cough Mohamed H.. (RCT)80%0.20 · 0.12–0.32recov. time32 (n)36 (n)post-COVID cough Mohamed H.. (RCT)82%0.18 · 0.11–0.30recov. time32 (n)36 (n)post-COVID cough Rothman (DB RCT)1%0.99 · 0.14–7.01hosp.2/6282/622ACTIV-6 Rothman (DB RCT)1%0.99 · 0.52–1.89hosp./ER18/62818/622ACTIV-6 Rothman (DB RCT)−48%1.48 · 0.33–2.96progressionn/an/aACTIV-6 Rothman (DB RCT)29%0.71 · 0.16–1.49progressionn/an/aACTIV-6 Rothman (DB RCT)−31%1.31 · 0.50–2.29progressionn/an/aACTIV-6 Rothman (DB RCT)2%0.98 · 0.89–1.10no recov.628 (n)622 (n)ACTIV-6 Rothman (DB RCT)16%0.84 · 0.68–1.05no recov.186 (n)183 (n)ACTIV-6 Rothman (DB RCT)3%0.97 · 0.83–1.14no recov.341 (n)337 (n)ACTIV-6 Rothman (DB RCT)−37%1.37 · 0.49–3.85no recov.10 (n)13 (n)ACTIV-6 Rothman (DB RCT)−614%7.14 · 3.85–14.29no recov.186 (n)183 (n)ACTIV-6 Rothman (DB RCT)2%0.98 · 0.96–1.00recov. time628 (n)622 (n)ACTIV-6 Zengin14%0.86 · 0.21–3.57death3/354/40 Zengin−90%1.90 · 0.49–7.40ICU5/353/40 Zengin3%0.97 · 0.75–1.25hosp. time35 (n)40 (n) Bozek91%0.09 · 0.01–0.80hosp.1/3274/118 Bozek82%0.18 · 0.06–0.59cases4/3278/118 Alhmoud13%0.87 · 0.52–1.47hosp.111 (n)505 (n)

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¹ CT: study uses combined treatment

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← Montelukast
reduces riskMontelukast
increases risk →

Fig. S1. All outcomes.

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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.