Treatment Response to Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Antibiotics for Moderate COVID 19: A First Report on the Pharmacological Outcomes from South Korea

Kim et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.20094193, May 2020
Hospitalization time 51% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk Time to viral- 56% HCQ for COVID-19  Kim et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 97 patients in South Korea Shorter hospitalization (p=0.014) and faster viral clearance (p=0.0047) c19early.org Kim et al., medRxiv, May 2020 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 424 studies, used in 59 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
6,300+ studies for 210+ treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective of 97 moderate cases. Time to viral clearance significantly shorter for HCQ+antibiotic. Preprint withdrawn pending peer review.
hospitalization time, 51.0% lower, relative time 0.49, p = 0.01, treatment 22, control 40.
time to viral-, 56.0% lower, relative time 0.44, p = 0.005, treatment 22, control 40.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Kim et al., 18 May 2020, retrospective, South Korea, preprint, 12 authors.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org December 2025 South Korea United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Mexico Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Iceland New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia CAR South Korea favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was moderate.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment, andforgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org December 2025 South Korea United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Mexico Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Malawi Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia Syria South Korea favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy was moderate.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment,and forgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
Abstract: medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20094193; this version posted June 14, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license . Treatment Response to Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir–Ritonavir, and Antibiotics for Moderate COVID-19: A First Report on the Pharmacological Outcomes from South Korea Min Seo Kim, MD, Soon-Woo Jang, MD, KMD, Yu-Kyung Park, MD, Bong-Ok Kim, MD, PhD, Tae-Ho Hwang, DSS, PhD, Seok Ho Kang, MD9, PhD, Won Jun Kim, MD, Park Sung Kyu, MD, Hea-Woon Park, MD, PhD, Wonjong Yang, MD, Joonyoung Jang, MD, Min Ho An, MD The authors have withdrawn this manuscript because of the controversy about hydroxychloroquine and potential changes in results after peer-review, the authors intend to share their results in formal publication. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author. NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice.
DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1101/2020.05.13.20094193", "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20094193", "abstract": "<jats:p>The authors have withdrawn this manuscript because of the controversy about hydroxychloroquine and potential changes in results after peer-review, the authors intend to share their results in formal publication. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.</jats:p>", "accepted": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 6, 14 ] ] }, "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Kim", "given": "Min Seo", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Jang", "given": "Soon-Woo", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Park", "given": "Yu-Kyung", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Kim", "given": "Bong-Ok", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Hwang", "given": "Tae-Ho", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Kang", "given": "Seok Ho", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Kim", "given": "Won Jun", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Kyu", "given": "Park Sung", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Park", "given": "Hea-Woon", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Yang", "given": "Wonjong", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Jang", "given": "Joonyoung", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "An", "given": "Min Ho", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": [], "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 5, 18 ] ], "date-time": "2020-05-18T20:25:13Z", "timestamp": 1589833513000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 1, 4 ] ], "date-time": "2021-01-04T06:50:14Z", "timestamp": 1609743014000 }, "group-title": "Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS)", "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 9, 2 ] ], "date-time": "2023-09-02T01:30:47Z", "timestamp": 1693618247422 }, "institution": [ { "name": "medRxiv" } ], "is-referenced-by-count": 12, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 5, 18 ] ] }, "link": [ { "URL": "https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2020.05.13.20094193", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "246", "original-title": [], "posted": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 5, 18 ] ] }, "prefix": "10.1101", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 5, 18 ] ] }, "publisher": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "reference-count": 0, "references-count": 0, "relation": {}, "resource": { "primary": { "URL": "http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.05.13.20094193" } }, "score": 1, "short-title": [], "source": "Crossref", "subtitle": [], "subtype": "preprint", "title": "Treatment Response to Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir–Ritonavir, and Antibiotics for Moderate COVID-19: A First Report on the Pharmacological Outcomes from South Korea", "type": "posted-content" }
Late treatment
is less effective
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