Higher-Dose Fluvoxamine and Time to Sustained Recovery in Outpatients With COVID-19
PhD Thomas G Stewart, MD, MSc Paulina A Rebolledo, MD Ahmad Mourad, PhD Christopher J Lindsell, MD, MPH David R Boulware, MD Matthew W Mccarthy, Florence Thicklin, Idania T Garcia Del Sol, MD, MPH Carolyn T Bramante, MD Leslie A Lenert, MS Stephen Lim, MD; John C Williamson, Orlando Quintero Cardona, MD Jake Scott, MD Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt, PhD Adit A Ginde, MD, MPH Mario Castro, MD, MPH Dushyantha Jayaweera, MD Mark Sulkowski, MD Nina Gentile, MD Kathleen Mctigue, G Michael Felker, MD, MHS Allison Delong, BS Rhonda Wilder, MS Russell L Rothman, MD, MPP Sean Collins, MD, MSci Sarah E Dunsmore, PhD; Stacey J Adam, PhD; George J Hanna, MD Elizabeth Shenkman, PhD Adrian F Hernandez, MD, MHS Susanna Naggie, Ryan Fraser, Mark Ward, Jennifer Gamboa Jackman, M Patricia Mcadams, Julia Vail, Kayla Korzekwinski, Martina Oyelakin, Julie Chopp, Desmon Randle, Samantha Dockery, Rodney Adkins, Mathew Crow, Erin Nowell, Kadie Wells, Alicia Herbert, Allegra Stone, Heather Heavlin, Linley Brown, Tina Harding, Amanda Harrington, Meaghan Beauchaine, Kelly Lindblom, Andrea Burns, David Aamodt, Jess Collins, Sheri Dixon, Yue Gao, John Graves, James Grindstaff, Frank Harrell, Jessica Lai, Vicky Liao, Itzel Lopez, Elizabeth Manis, Kalley Mankowski, Jessica Marlin, Alyssa Merkel, Sam Nwosu, Savannah Obregon, Dirk Orozco, Nelson Prato, Max Rohde, Jana Shirey-Rice, Krista Vermillion, Jacob Smith, Hsi-Nien Tan, Meghan Vance, Maria Weir, William (kelly) Vincent, Raina Vincent, Ray Bianchi, Jen Premas, Diana Cordero-Loperena, Evelyn Rivera, Madhu Gupta, Greg Karawan, Joseph Arena, Sonaly Dealmeida, Soroush Ramin, Jaya Nataraj, Julien Dedier, Ana Maria Ramirez, Katherine Waite, Jason Okulicz, Joseph Marcus, Alexis Southwell, Genice Jacques, Cedar Sexton, David Miller, Ginger Brounce, Constance George-Adebayo, Adeolu Adebayo, Jose Zapatero, Julie Clement, Theresa Ronan, Ashley Woods, Christopher Gallegos, Tamara Flys, Olivia Sloan, Anthony Olofintuyi, Joshua Samraj, Jackelyn Samraj, Alma Vasbinder, Amaya Averett, Alex Slandzicki, Aaron Milstone, Jessica Wallan, Lindsey Robbs, Claudia Vogel, Sebastian Munoz, David Kavtaradze, Casandra Watson, David Singleton, Marcus Sevier, Maria Rivon, Arnold Del Pilar, Amber Spangler, Sohail Rao, Luis Cantu, Arvind Krishna, Heidi Daugherty, Brandi Kerr, Kathy Evans, Robert Spees, Mailyn Marta, Rowena Dolor, Lorraine Vergara, Jackie Jordan, Valencia Burruss, Terri Hurst, Igho Ofotokun, MD, MSc Paulina A Rebolledo, Cecilia Zhang, Veronica E Smith, Rajesh Prabhu, Krystal Klicka, Amber Lightfeather, Vickie James, Marcella Rogers, Pradeep Parihar, De'ambra Torress, Chukwuemeka Oragwu, Ngozi Oguego, Rajesh Pillai, Mustafa Juma, Ahab Gabriel, Emad Ghaly, Marian Michal, Michelle Vasquez, Angela Mamon, Michelle Sheets, Gammal Hassanien, Samah Ismail, Yehia Samir, Andrew Meltzer, Soroush Shahamatdar, Ryan S Heidish, Scott Brehaut, Angelina Roche, Manisha Mehta, Nicole Koppinger, Jose Baez, Ivone Pagan, Dallal Abdelsayed, Mina Aziz, Philip Robinson, Grace Lozinski, Julie Nguyen, Alvin Griffin, Michael Morris, Nicole Love, Bonnie Mattox, Raykel Martin, Victoria Pardue, Teddy Rowland, Juan Ruiz-Unger, Lionel Reyes, Yadira Zamora, Navila Bacallao, John Cienki, Jonathan Cohen, Ying Yuan, Jenny Li, Jeremy Szeto, MD Mark Sulkowski, Lauren Stelmash, Idania Garcia Del Sol, Ledular Morales Castillo, Anya Gutierrez, Sabrina Prieto, Arch Amon, Andrew Barbera, Andrew Bugajski, Walter Wills, Kellcee Jacklin, Deryl Lamb, Amron Harper, Elmer Stout, Katherine Weeks, Merischia Griffin, Nancy Pyram-Bernard, Arlen Quintero, Eftim Adhami, Giovanni Carrillo, Josette Maria, Diksha Paudel, Oksana Raymond, Jeffrey Summers, Tammy Turner, Ebony Panaccione, Elizabeth Szwast, Ahsan Abdulghani, Pravin Vasoya, Conrad Miller, Hawa Wiley, Austin Chan, Saadia Khizer, Nirav Shah, Oluwadamilola Adeyemi, Wei Ning Chi, July Chen, Melissa Morton-Jost, Julie Castex, Phillip Feliciano, Jacqueline Olivo, Maria Maldonado, Anthony Vecchiarelli, Diana Gaytan-Alvarez, Vijaya Cherukuri, Santia Lima, Radica Alicic, Allison A Lambert, Carissa Urbat, Joni Baxter, Ann Cooper, Dawn Linn, Laura Fisher, Vijay Patel
JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2023.23363
IMPORTANCE The effect of higher-dose fluvoxamine in reducing symptom duration among outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of fluvoxamine, 100 mg twice daily, compared with placebo, for treating mild to moderate COVID-19.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The ACTIV-6 platform randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate repurposed medications for mild to moderate COVID-19. Between August 25, 2022, and January 20, 2023, a total of 1175 participants were enrolled at 103 US sites for evaluating fluvoxamine; participants were 30 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and at least 2 acute COVID-19 symptoms for 7 days or less. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to receive fluvoxamine, 50 mg twice daily on day 1 followed by 100 mg twice daily for 12 additional days (n = 601), or placebo (n = 607).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was time to sustained recovery (defined as at least 3 consecutive days without symptoms). Secondary outcomes included time to death; time to hospitalization or death; a composite of hospitalization, urgent care visit, emergency department visit, or death; COVID-19 clinical progression scale score; and difference in mean time unwell. Follow-up occurred through day 28. RESULTS Among 1208 participants who were randomized and received the study drug, the median (IQR) age was 50 (40-60) years, 65.8% were women, 45.5% identified as Hispanic/Latino, and 76.8% reported receiving at least 2 doses of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Among 589 participants who received fluvoxamine and 586 who received placebo included in the primary analysis, differences in time to sustained recovery were not observed (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.99 [95% credible interval, 0.89-1.09]; P for efficacy = .40]). Additionally, unadjusted median time to sustained recovery was 10 (95% CI, 10-11) days in both the intervention and placebo groups. No deaths were reported. Thirty-five participants reported health care use events (a priori defined as death, hospitalization, or emergency department/urgent care visit): 14 in the fluvoxamine group compared with 21 in the placebo group (HR, 0.69 [95% credible interval, 0.27-1.21]; P for efficacy = .86) There were 7 serious adverse events in 6 participants (2 with fluvoxamine and 4 with placebo) but no deaths. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19, treatment with fluvoxamine does not reduce duration of COVID-19 symptoms.
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