Niclosamide—A promising treatment for COVID‐19
Shivani Singh, Anne Weiss, James Goodman, Marie Fisk, Spoorthy Kulkarni, Ing Lu, Joanna Gray, Rona Smith, Morten Sommer, Dr Joseph Cheriyan
British Journal of Pharmacology, doi:10.1111/bph.15843
Vaccines have reduced the transmission and severity of COVID-19, but there remains a paucity of efficacious treatment for drug-resistant strains and more susceptible individuals, particularly those who mount a suboptimal vaccine response, either due to underlying health conditions or concomitant therapies. Repurposing existing drugs is a timely, safe and scientifically robust method for treating pandemics, such as COVID-19. Here, we review the pharmacology and scientific rationale for repurposing niclosamide, an anti-helminth already in human use as a treatment for COVID-19. In addition, its potent antiviral activity, niclosamide has shown pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, bronchodilatory and anticancer effects in numerous preclinical and early clinical studies. The advantages and rationale for nebulized and intranasal formulations of niclosamide, which target the site of the primary infection in COVID-19, are reviewed. Finally, we give an overview of ongoing clinical trials investigating niclosamide as a promising candidate against SARS-CoV-2.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS JC devised the idea for the article. SS performed the initial literature search. SS, MF, JG, SK and JG wrote the first draft. AW designed
CONFLICT OF INTEREST JC and RS acknowledge institutional grants from Union Therapeutics for the conduct of investigator initiated clinical trials of niclosamide. MS is a shareholder of UNION Therapeutics, and AW benefits from an employee incentive scheme. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.
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'abstract': '<jats:p>Vaccines have reduced the transmission and severity of COVID‐19, but there remains a '
'paucity of efficacious treatment for drug‐resistant strains and more susceptible individuals, '
'particularly those who mount a suboptimal vaccine response, either due to underlying health '
'conditions or concomitant therapies. Repurposing existing drugs is a timely, safe and '
'scientifically robust method for treating pandemics, such as COVID‐19. Here, we review the '
'pharmacology and scientific rationale for repurposing niclosamide, an anti‐helminth already '
'in human use as a treatment for COVID‐19. In addition, its potent antiviral activity, '
'niclosamide has shown pleiotropic anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, bronchodilatory and '
'anticancer effects in numerous preclinical and early clinical studies. The advantages and '
'rationale for nebulized and intranasal formulations of niclosamide, which target the site of '
'the primary infection in COVID‐19, are reviewed. Finally, we give an overview of ongoing '
'clinical trials investigating niclosamide as a promising candidate against '
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'date-time': '2023-08-19T15:03:08Z',
'timestamp': 1692457388000},
'score': 1,
'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.15843'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 11]]},
'references-count': 125,
'journal-issue': {'issue': '13', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2022, 7]]}},
'alternative-id': ['10.1111/bph.15843'],
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.15843',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['0007-1188', '1476-5381'],
'subject': ['Pharmacology'],
'container-title-short': 'British J Pharmacology',
'published': {'date-parts': [[2022, 4, 11]]},
'assertion': [ { 'value': '2021-09-22',
'order': 0,
'name': 'received',
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'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}},
{ 'value': '2022-02-23',
'order': 1,
'name': 'accepted',
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'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}},
{ 'value': '2022-04-11',
'order': 2,
'name': 'published',
'label': 'Published',
'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}]}
