Niclosamide: a potential treatment option for COVID-19

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 6, 20]], 'date-time': '2024-06-20T21:58:16Z', 'timestamp': 1718920696278}, 'reference-count': 55, 'publisher': 'Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 7]], 'date-time': '2023-01-07T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1673049600000}, 'content-version': 'unspecified', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome ' 'coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a global health hazard due to its rapid dissemination and ' 'limited treatment options. Identification of possible treatments that may kill the virus, ' 'speed up the recovery, or reduce the case fatality rate is a need of hour. However, ' 'developing and producing particular COVID-19 medicines and vaccines is a time-consuming ' 'process with possibilities of clinical failures due to safety or efficacy issue. Medication ' 'repositioning is a safer and quicker approach for dealing with the COVID-19 worldwide threat ' 'right now. Out of 48 FDA-approved medicines tested against SARS-CoV-2, niclosamide is one ' 'amongst few that has shown potential in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. However, ' 'the currently available oral conventional formulation of niclosamide results in systemic ' 'medication levels those are unsatisfactory to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Hence, various formulation ' 'strategies have been adapted in order to achieve an optimum therapeutic outcome of ' 'niclosamide when delivered via oral, inhalation, and intranasal routes. Some of these ' 'formulations are presently undergoing clinical trials. The current review focuses on the ' 'mechanisms of action of niclosamide and its repurposing effectiveness against COVID-19. The ' 'delivery strategies to improve its bioavailability have been overviewed. The recently ' 'completed and ongoing clinical trials have also been summarized.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.22159/ijap.2023v15i1.45850', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 11]], 'date-time': '2023-01-11T07:42:09Z', 'timestamp': 1673422929000}, 'page': '50-56', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 3, 'title': 'NICLOSAMIDE: A POTENTIAL TREATMENT OPTION FOR COVID-19', 'prefix': '10.22159', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7809-9958', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'SHWETA', 'family': 'VIBHUTE', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'ADITI', 'family': 'KASAR', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-6823', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'HRISHIKESH', 'family': 'MAHALE', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'MAHESH', 'family': 'GAIKWAD', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'MADHUR', 'family': 'KULKARNI', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '9422', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 7]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '1055339', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Gil C, Ginex T, Maestro I, Nozal V, Barrado Gil L, Cuesta Geijo MA. 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