Alkalinization
Analgesics..
Antiandrogens..
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Cannabidiol
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Ensovibep
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Iota-carragee..
Ivermectin
Lactoferrin
Lifestyle..
Melatonin
Metformin
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
Nitric Oxide
Paxlovid
Peg.. Lambda
Povidone-Iod..
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Vitamins..
Zinc

Other
Feedback
Home
Home   COVID-19 treatment studies for Vitamin C  COVID-19 treatment studies for Vitamin C  C19 studies: Vitamin C  Vitamin C   Select treatmentSelect treatmentTreatmentsTreatments
Alkalinization Meta Lactoferrin Meta
Melatonin Meta
Bromhexine Meta Metformin Meta
Budesonide Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Cannabidiol Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta Nitric Oxide Meta
Ensovibep Meta Paxlovid Meta
Famotidine Meta Peg.. Lambda Meta
Favipiravir Meta Povidone-Iod.. Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Quercetin Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Remdesivir Meta
Iota-carragee.. Meta
Ivermectin Meta Zinc Meta

Other Treatments Global Adoption
All Studies   Meta Analysis   Recent:  
0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Recovery 31% Improvement Relative Risk c19early.org/c Ried et al. Vitamin C for COVID-19 RCT EARLY TREATMENT Is early treatment with vitamin C beneficial for COVID-19? RCT 237 patients in Turkey Improved recovery with vitamin C (p=0.0081) Ried et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.19902 Favors vitamin C Favors control
Therapies to Prevent Progression of COVID-19, Including Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Zinc, and Vitamin D3 With or Without Intravenous Vitamin C: An International, Multicenter, Randomized Trial
Ried et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.19902
Ried et al., Therapies to Prevent Progression of COVID-19, Including Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Zinc, and Vitamin D3.., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.19902
Nov 2021   Source   PDF  
  Twitter
  Facebook
Share
  All Studies   Meta
RCT 237 patients in Turkey, 162 treated with IV vitamin C in addition to HCQ/AZ/zinc/vitamin D used for all patients, showing significantly faster recovery with the addition of IV vitamin C.
97% of patients were vitamin D deficient, and lower vitamin D levels were associated with ICU admission and longer hospital stay.
Only 1 of 237 hospitalized patients died (average age 63, range 22-99) - a 70-year-old patient with heart and lung disease and severely deficient vitamin D levels (6 nmol/L). IV vitamin C (sodium ascorbate) was given as 50 mg/kg every six hours on day 1, followed by 100 mg/kg every six hours (four times daily, 400 mg/kg/day) for seven days. ACTRN12620000557932.
This is the 9th of 15 COVID-19 RCTs for vitamin C, which collectively show efficacy with p=0.00013.
This is the 35th of 61 COVID-19 controlled studies for vitamin C, which collectively show efficacy with p=0.00000098.
risk of no recovery, 30.6% lower, RR 0.69, p = 0.008, treatment 69 of 162 (42.6%), control 46 of 75 (61.3%), NNT 5.3, day 15 mid-recovery.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Ried et al., 25 Nov 2021, Randomized Controlled Trial, Turkey, peer-reviewed, 3 authors, average treatment delay 4.0 days.
All Studies   Meta Analysis   Submit Updates or Corrections
This PaperVitamin CAll
Therapies to Prevent Progression of COVID-19, Including Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Zinc, and Vitamin D3 With or Without Intravenous Vitamin C: An International, Multicenter, Randomized Trial
Karin Ried, Taufiq Binjemain, Avni Sali
Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.19902
Background COVID-19 is a global pandemic. Treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), zinc, and azithromycin (AZM), also known as the Zelenko protocol, and treatment with intravenous (IV) vitamin C (IVC) have shown encouraging results in a large number of trials worldwide. In addition, vitamin D levels are an important indicator of the severity of symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Objectives Our multicenter, randomized, open-label study aimed to assess the effectiveness of HCQ, AZM, and zinc with or without IVC in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in reducing symptom severity and duration and preventing death. Methods Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in seven participating hospitals in Turkey were screened for eligibility and randomly allocated to receive either HCQ, AZM, and zinc (group 1) or HCQ, AZM, zinc plus IV vitamin C treatment (group 2) for 14 days. The patients also received nontherapeutic levels of vitamin D3. The trial is registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12620000557932 and has been approved by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). Results A total of 237 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 aged 22-99 years (mean: 63.3 ± 15.7 years) were enrolled in the study. Almost all patients were vitamin D deficient (97%), 55% were severely vitamin D deficient (<25 nmol/L) and 42% were vitamin D deficient (<50 nmol/L); 3% had insufficient vitamin D levels (<75 nmol/L), and none had optimal vitamin D levels. Of the patients, 73% had comorbidities, including diabetes (35%), heart disease (36%), and lung disease (34%). All but one patient (99.6%; n = 236/237) treated with HCQ, AZM, and zinc with or without high-dose IV vitamin C (IVC) fully recovered. Additional IVC therapy contributed significantly to a quicker recovery (15 days versus 45 days until discharge; p = 0.0069). Side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, reported by 15%-27% of the patients, were mild to moderate and transient. No cardiac side effects were observed. Low vitamin D levels were significantly correlated with a higher probability of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and longer hospital stay.
References
Andreani, Bideau, Duflot, In vitro testing of combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on SARS-CoV-2 shows synergistic effect, Microb Pathog, doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104228
Baradaran, Ebrahimzadeh, Baradaran, Kachooei, Prevalence of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Arch Bone Jt Surg, doi:10.22038/abjs.2020.47754.2346
Benskin, A basic review of the preliminary evidence that COVID-19 risk and severity is increased in vitamin D deficiency, Front Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00513
Borsche, Glauner, Jv, COVID-19 mortality risk correlates inversely with vitamin D3 status, and a mortality rate close to zero could theoretically be achieved at 50 ng/ml 25 (OH) D3: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis, Nutrients, doi:10.1101/2021.09.22.21263977
Bosseboeuf, Aubry, Nhan, De Pina, Rolain et al., Azithromycin inhibits the replication of Zika virus, J Antivir Antiretrovir, doi:10.4172/1948-5964.1000173
Brighthope, Am, Ried, Vitamin-D and COVID-19: time for the profession to take a stand, Adv Integr Med, doi:10.1016/j.aimed.2021.01.003
Cerullo, Negro, Parimbelli, The long history of vitamin C: from prevention of the common cold to potential aid in the treatment of COVID-19, Front Immunol, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.574029
Derwand, Scholz, Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of 2021 Ried et al, Med Hypotheses, doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109815
Derwand, Scholz, Zelenko, COVID-19 outpatients: early risk-stratified treatment with zinc plus lowdose hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: a retrospective case series study, Int J Antimicrob Agents, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106214
Gautret, Lagier, Parola, Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial, Int J Antimicrob Agents, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949
Hernández, Nan, Fernandez-Ayala, Vitamin D status in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa733
Hu, Frieman, Insights from nanomedicine into chloroquine efficacy against COVID-19, Nat Nanotechnol, doi:10.1038/s41565-020-0674-9
Huang, Wang, Tan, Liu, Ni, High-dose vitamin C intravenous infusion in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis, Medicine, doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000025876
Mahmoodpoor, Shadvar, Sanaie, Hadipoor, Pourmoghaddam et al., Effect of vitamin C on mortality of critically ill patients with severe pneumonia in intensive care unit: a preliminary study, BMC Infect Dis, doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06288-0
Martineau, Jolliffe, Hooper, Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data, BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.i6583
Matin, Fouladi, Pahlevan, The sufficient vitamin D and albumin level have a protective effect on COVID-19 infection, Arch Microbiol, doi:10.1007/s00203-021-02482-5
Merzon, Tworowski, Gorohovski, Vinker, Cohen et al., Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study, FEBS J, doi:10.1111/febs.15495
Read, Obeid, Ahlenstiel, Ahlenstiel, The role of zinc in antiviral immunity, Adv Nutr, doi:10.1093/advances/nmz013
Retallack, Lullo, Arias, Zika virus cell tropism in the developing human brain and inhibition by azithromycin, PNAS, doi:10.1073/pnas.1618029113/-/DCSupplemental
Tanriverdi, Çörtük, Yildirim, Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin and early hospital admission are beneficial in COVID-19 patients: Turkish experience with real-life data, Turk J Med Sci, doi:10.3906/sag-2005-82
Thomas, Patel, Bittel, Effect of high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation vs usual care on symptom length and reduction among ambulatory patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: the COVID A to Z randomized clinical trial, JAMA Netw Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0369
Travica, Ried, Bujnowski, Sali, Integrative health check reveals suboptimal levels in a number of vital biomarkers, Adv Integr Med, doi:10.1016/j.aimed.2015.11.002
Velthuis, Van Den Worm, Sims, Baric, Snijder et al., Zn(2+) inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture, PLoS Pathog, doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176
Xu, Baylink, Chen, The importance of vitamin d metabolism as a potential prophylactic, immunoregulatory and neuroprotective treatment for COVID-19, J Transl Med, doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02488-5
Xue, Moyer, Peng, Wu, Hannafon et al., Chloroquine is a zinc ionophore, PLoS One, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109180
Yang, Shen, Targeting the endocytic pathway and autophagy process as a novel therapeutic strategy in COVID-19, Int J Biol Sci, doi:10.7150/ijbs.45498
Yildiz, Senel, Kavurgaci, Ozturk, Ozturk, The prognostic significance of vitamin D deficiency in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, Bratisl Lek Listy, doi:10.4149/BLL_2021_119
Zhao, Liu, Liu, High dose intravenous vitamin C for preventing the disease aggravation of moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. a retrospective propensity matched before-after study, Front Pharmacol, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.638556
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit