A Phase 2 Randomized, Double Blinded, Placebo Controlled Study of Oral Camostat Mesilate Compared to Standard of Care in Subjects With Mild-Moderate COVID-19

Parsonnet et al., NCT04524663, COPS-2003, NCT04524663, May 2021
Early treatmentDouble-blind RCT · NCT04524663 · 49 patients · USA
Camostat for COVID-19
COPS-2003 Parsonnet et al. NCT04524663 · May 2021
Higher progression and improved recovery
Not statistically significant · p = 0.49 (progression) and p = 0.24 (recovery)

TMPRSS2 inhibitors for COVID-19

21st treatment shown to reduce risk in April 2021, now with p = 0.00063 from 29 studies.
Lower risk for mortality, ventilation, and recovery.

No treatment is 100% effective.
Protocols combine treatments.

6,700+ studies · 220+ treatments

c19early.org
Meta-analysis
RCT 49 outpatients in the USA, showing no significant differences with camostat treatment.
Standard of Care (SOC) for COVID-19 in the study country, the USA, is very poor with very low average efficacy for approved treatments1. Only expensive, high-profit treatments were approved for early treatment. Low-cost treatments were excluded, reducing the probability of early treatment due to access and cost barriers, and eliminating complementary and synergistic benefits seen with many low-cost treatments.
Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.
Study covers TMPRSS2 inhibitors and camostat.
risk of progression, 392.0% higher, RR 4.92, p = 0.49, treatment 2 of 25 (8.0%), control 0 of 24 (0.0%), continuity correction due to zero event (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
risk of no recovery, 35.0% lower, HR 0.65, p = 0.24, treatment 25, control 24, Cox proportional hazards.
serious adverse events, 86.0% lower, RR 0.14, p = 0.11, treatment 0 of 25 (0.0%), control 3 of 24 (12.5%), NNT 8.0, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
risk of no viral clearance, 40.8% lower, HR 0.59, p = 0.24, treatment 25, control 24, inverted to make HR<1 favor treatment, Cox proportional hazards.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Parsonnet et al., 15 May 2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, USA, preprint, 1 author, trial NCT04524663 (history) (COPS-2003). Contact: parsonnt@stanford.edu.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org October 2026 USA Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Myanmar South Africa Peru Philippines Vietnam Japan Argentina Nepal Iran Bangladesh Ethiopia Ghana Germany Mexico South Korea United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Uzbekistan India China Venezuela DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Egypt Nigeria Taiwan Fiji Zambia Bosnia-Herzegovina Jordan Georgia Switzerland Dominican Republic Bolivia Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Togo Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Iceland New Zealand Trinidad and Tobago Mongolia Czechia Belarus Israel Haiti North Macedonia Hong Kong Qatar Panama Serbia USA favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment, andforgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org October 2026 USA Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Myanmar South Africa Peru Philippines Vietnam Japan Argentina Nepal Iran Bangladesh Ethiopia Ghana Germany Mexico South Korea United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Uzbekistan India China Venezuela DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Egypt Taiwan Fiji Zambia Jordan Georgia Switzerland Dominican Rep. Bolivia Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Togo Sri Lanka Bulgaria Greece Slovakia New Zealand Trinidad and Tobago Mongolia Czechia Belarus Israel North Macedonia Hong Kong Qatar Panama Serbia USA favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment,and forgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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