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0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Case 7% Improvement Relative Risk Spironolactone  MacFadden et al.  Prophylaxis Does spironolactone reduce COVID-19 infections? Retrospective study in Canada (January - December 2020) Fewer cases with spironolactone (p=0.0082) c19early.org MacFadden et al., Open Forum Infectiou.., Mar 2022 Favors spironolactone Favors control

Screening Large Population Health Databases for Potential COVID-19 Therapeutics: A Pharmacopeia-Wide Association Study (PWAS) of Commonly Prescribed Medications

MacFadden et al., Open Forum Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac156
Mar 2022  
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Retrospective 26,121 cases and 2,369,020 controls ≥65yo in Canada, showing lower cases with chronic use of spironolactone.
This study includes HCQ, metformin, famotidine, spironolactone, vitamin B9, acetaminophen, and fluvoxamine.
risk of case, 7.0% lower, OR 0.93, p = 0.008, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
MacFadden et al., 29 Mar 2022, retrospective, Canada, peer-reviewed, 9 authors, study period 15 January, 2020 - 31 December, 2020.
Contact: dmacfadden@toh.ca.
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