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c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchVitamin DVitamin D (more..)
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All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Vitamin D reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta analysis of 340 studies (125 treatment studies and 215 sufficiency studies)

Covid Analysis
Mar 2025  
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Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 125 studies, recognized in 17 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,500+ studies for 119 treatments. c19early.org
125 treatment studies show statistically significant lower risk for mortality, ICU admission, hospitalization, and cases.
65 studies from 61 independent teams in 23 countries show significantly lower risk.
Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 60% [40‑74%] and 38% [32‑43%] lower risk for early treatment and for all studies. Results are similar for higher quality studies, peer-reviewed studies, and mortality: early treatment - 68% [45‑82%], 57% [36‑71%], 68% [39‑84%]; all - 38% [32‑43%], 42% [36‑47%], 38% [30‑45%].
Late stage treatment with calcitriol/calcifediol and analogs is more effective than cholecalciferol: 69% [47‑82%] vs. 42% [31‑52%].
Ongoing treatment with multiple doses is more effective than single bolus doses: 61% [51‑69%] vs. 21% [-13‑45%]
215 sufficiency studies show a strong association between vitamin D sufficiency and outcomes, with 52% [48‑55%] lower risk for higher levels.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine safe and effective options with individual risk/benefit analysis and monitoring. Other treatments are more effective. Sunlight or dietary sources may be preferred. The quality of non-prescription supplements varies widely1-3.
All data and sources to reproduce this analysis are in the appendix.
19 other meta analyses show significant improvements with vitamin D treatment for mortality4-17, mechanical ventilation4,9,10,15,18,19, ICU admission4,6,9,10,13,15,17-21, hospitalization8,15, severity5,7,9,14,22, and cases11,21,22.
19 meta analyses show significant improvements with vitamin D treatment for mortality1-14, mechanical ventilation1,6,7,12,15,16, ICU admission1,3,6,7,10,12,14-18, hospitalization5,12, severity2,4,6,11,19, and cases8,18,19.
This PaperVitamin DAll
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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