Vitamin D reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta analysis of 362 studies (136 treatment studies and 226 sufficiency studies)

136 treatment studies show statistically significant lower risk for mortality, ICU admission, hospitalization, and cases.

73 studies from 68 independent teams in 25 countries show significantly lower risk.

Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 56% [37‑70%] and 38% [33‑43%] lower risk for early treatment and for all studies. Results are similar for higher quality studies, peer-reviewed studies, and mortality: early treatment - 63% [40‑77%], 53% [34‑67%], 62% [35‑77%]; all - 39% [33‑44%], 42% [37‑47%], 39% [31‑45%].

Late stage treatment with calcitriol/calcifediol and analogs is more effective than cholecalciferol: 66% [47‑78%] vs. 44% [33‑53%].

Ongoing treatment with multiple doses is more effective than single bolus doses: 60% [50‑68%] vs. 22% [1‑38%]

Control Vitamin D

226 sufficiency studies show a strong association between vitamin D sufficiency and outcomes, with 50% [47‑53%] lower risk for higher levels.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine safe and effective options with individual risk/benefit analysis and monitoring. Other treatments are more effective. Sunlight or dietary sources may be preferred.

The quality of non-prescription supplements varies widely1-3.

All data and sources to reproduce this analysis are in the appendix.

19 other meta analyses show significant improvements with vitamin D treatment for mortality4-16, mechanical ventilation4,8,9,14,17-19, ICU admission4,6,8,9,12,14,16-21, hospitalization14, severity5,7,8,13,22, and cases10,21,22.

19 meta analyses show significant improvements with vitamin D treatment for mortality1-13, mechanical ventilation1,5,6,11,14-16, ICU admission1,3,5,6,9,11,13-18, hospitalization11, severity2,4,5,10,19, and cases7,18,19.