Vitamin D as a predictor of negative outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: An observational study

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 7]], 'date-time': '2023-09-07T21:10:01Z', 'timestamp': 1694121001671}, 'reference-count': 19, 'publisher': 'Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 24]], 'date-time': '2023-08-24T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1692835200000}, 'content-version': 'unspecified', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec id="introduction"> <jats:title>Introduction</jats:title> <jats:p>Serum vitamin D ' 'deficiency is thought to be associated with worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 ' 'patients.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="methods"> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> ' '<jats:p>This single-centre observational study evaluated the association between serum ' 'vitamin D levels and negative outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Ukraine. We ' 'included hospitalized patients with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR and serum vitamin D measurement ' 'on admission. Patients were divided into two groups based on their serum vitamin D level: ' 'with adequate vitamin D (≥ 30 ng/ml) and with low vitamin D (&lt;30 ng/ml). Outcomes such as ' 'death and the need for respiratory support were recorded.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec ' 'id="results"> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>A total of 70 patients were included. ' 'The gender; severity of COVID-19; comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus type ' '2, obesity; type of respiratory support, and the length of hospital stay did not differ in ' 'both groups. Patients with low serum vitamin D levels have higher C-reactive protein levels ' '26.14 mg/L [Q1, Q3: 16.61, 57.79] compared to another group 13.43 mg/L [Q1, Q3: 8.84, 27.58]. ' 'Low vitamin D level was associated with an increased risk of respiratory support need OR ' '[Odds ratio] 2.925 [95% CI, 1.0839 to 7.8931]. However, after adjustment for age, gender, and ' 'common comorbidities, it did not remain significant. Vitamin D serum levels did not ' 'significantly differ in patients who died during hospitalization compared to those who ' 'survived.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="conclusion"> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> ' '<jats:p>The role of vitamin D as a sole predictor of mortality and respiratory support ' 'appears to be overestimated. Low vitamin D levels may have a greater impact on COVID-19 ' 'outcomes in hospitalized elderly patients with comorbidities.</jats:p> </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.29390/001c.87408', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 29]], 'date-time': '2023-08-29T14:54:40Z', 'timestamp': 1693320880000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Vitamin D as a predictor of negative outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: An ' 'observational study', 'prefix': '10.29390', 'volume': '59', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1493-6558', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Volodymyr', 'family': 'Bogomaz', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'id': [ { 'id': 'https://ror.org/03edafd86', 'id-type': 'ROR', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'name': 'Bogomolets National Medical University', 'department': ['Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry']}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-3710', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Sofiia', 'family': 'Shatylo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'id': [ { 'id': 'https://ror.org/03edafd86', 'id-type': 'ROR', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'name': 'Bogomolets National Medical University', 'department': [ 'Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of ' 'Dentistry']}]}], 'member': '11956', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 24]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref1', 'article-title': 'MedCalc® Statistical Software version 20.215', 'year': '2023'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '139', 'DOI': '10.4103/ajm.ajm_20_18', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D deficiency in elderly: Risk factors and drugs impact on ' 'vitamin D status', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Hasan Kweder', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Avicenna Journal of Medicine'}, { 'key': 'ref3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D in Elderly', 'author': 'Malgorzata Kupisz-Urbańska', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Vitamin D', 'DOI': '10.5772/intechopen.97324'}, { 'key': 'ref4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1040024', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040024', 'article-title': 'C-Reactive Protein (CRP): A poor prognostic biomarker in COVID-19', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Mohamed Zakaria Bouayed', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Frontiers in Immunology'}, { 'key': 'ref5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '745713', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2021.745713', 'article-title': 'Is There a Crucial Link Between Vitamin D Status and Inflammatory ' 'Response in Patients With COVID-19?', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Federica Saponaro', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Frontiers in Immunology'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'ref6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2992', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.26832', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D deficiency is associated with COVID-19 positivity and ' 'severity of the disease', 'volume': '93', 'author': 'Mustafa Demir', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Medical Virology'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'ref7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '189', 'DOI': '10.4081/reumatismo.2020.1333', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D and disease severity in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)', 'volume': '72', 'author': 'G. Adami', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Reumatismo'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'ref8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '598', 'DOI': '10.1093/ajcn/nqab151', 'article-title': 'Influence of vitamin D status on hospital length of stay and prognosis ' 'in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: a ' 'multicenter prospective cohort study [published correction appears in ' 'Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Aug 2;114(2):827]', 'volume': '114', 'author': 'Bruna Z Reis', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'ref9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1714', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu13051714', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 Disease Severity and Death in Relation to Vitamin D Status ' 'among SARS-CoV-2-Positive UAE Residents', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Habiba AlSafar', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'ref10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '717', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu13030717', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Alberto Sulli', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': 'ref11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1483', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu14071483', 'article-title': 'Clinical Practice in the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin ' 'D Deficiency: A Central and Eastern European Expert Consensus Statement', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Pawel Pludowski', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '123', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.abb.2012.04.001', 'article-title': 'Where is the vitamin D receptor?', 'volume': '523', 'author': 'Yongji Wang', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': 'ref13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '720', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.05.011', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D for health: a global perspective', 'volume': '88', 'author': 'Arash Hossein-nezhad', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Mayo Clinic Proceedings'}, { 'key': 'ref14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'article-title': 'Factors Associated with Hospitalization and Disease Severity in a ' 'Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population of COVID-19 Patients', 'author': 'Angelico Mendy', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.06.25.20137323'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': 'ref15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2757', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12092757', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D Deficiency and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Aleksandar Radujkovic', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'ref16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '89', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12937-021-00744-y', 'article-title': 'Low vitamin D levels do not aggravate COVID-19 risk or death, and ' 'vitamin D supplementation does not improve outcomes in hospitalized ' 'patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and GRADE assessment of cohort ' 'studies and RCTs', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Jie Chen', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutrition Journal'}, { 'key': 'ref17', 'article-title': 'Living guidance for clinical management of COVID-19: Living guidance', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'World Health Organization (WHO)'}, { 'key': 'ref18', 'article-title': 'Протокол «Надання медичної допомоги для лікування коронавірусної ' 'хвороби (COVID-19)» 2020-2023 [Protocol "Providing medical assistance ' 'for the treatment of coronavirus disease"]', 'author': 'S.O. Dubrov'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': 'ref19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1911', 'DOI': '10.1210/jc.2011-0385', 'article-title': 'Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an ' 'Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline [published correction ' 'appears in J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Dec;96(12):3908]', 'volume': '96', 'author': 'Michael F. Holick', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism'}], 'container-title': 'Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://cjrt.ca/article/87408-vitamin-d-as-a-predictor-of-negative-outcomes-in-hospitalized-covid-19-patients-an-observational-study', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 6]], 'date-time': '2023-09-06T17:26:01Z', 'timestamp': 1694021161000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://cjrt.ca/article/87408-vitamin-d-as-a-predictor-of-negative-outcomes-in-hospitalized-covid-19-patients-an-observational-study'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 24]]}, 'references-count': 19, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.29390/001c.87408', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2368-6820'], 'subject': ['Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine', 'Health Professions (miscellaneous)'], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 24]]}}