Supplementary Data — Andrographolide for COVID-19: real-time meta-analysis of 7 studies

October 2026

Andrographolide COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk
Wanaratna (DB RCT)86%0.14 · 0.01–2.61progression0/293/28 Wanaratna (DB RCT)40%0.60 · 0.33–1.09viral+10/2916/28 Siripong.. (DB RCT)50%0.50 · 0.05–5.39hosp.1/732/73APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)50%0.50 · 0.05–5.39hosp.1/732/73APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)86%0.14 · 0.01–2.72oxygen0/733/73APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)49%0.51 · 0.05–5.47progression1/712/72APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)37%0.63 · 0.31–1.30no recov.10/7116/72APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)4%0.96 · 0.81–1.15no recov.54/7157/72APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)33%0.67 · 0.34–1.30no recov.71 (n)72 (n)APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)−5%1.05 · 0.92–1.19viral load71 (n)72 (n)APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)−13%1.13 · 0.88–1.46viral load71 (n)72 (n)APFaVi Kanokkan.. (DB RCT)51%0.49 · 0.15–1.58progression4/838/82 Kanokkan.. (DB RCT)8%0.92 · 0.79–1.06no recov.64/8369/82 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)37%0.63 · 0.45–0.87no recov.43 (n)39 (n) Prasoppokak.. (RCT)18%0.82 · 0.39–1.73no recov.10/4311/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)46%0.54 · 0.32–0.91no recov.13/4322/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)55%0.45 · 0.04–4.81no recov.1/432/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)40%0.60 · 0.11–3.43no recov.2/433/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)30%0.70 · 0.35–1.41no recov.10/4313/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)42%0.58 · 0.25–1.34no recov.7/4311/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)45%0.55 · 0.23–1.32no recov.43 (n)39 (n) Prasoppokak.. (RCT)55%0.45 · 0.04–4.81no recov.1/432/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)48%0.52 · 0.16–1.64no recov.4/437/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)68%0.32 · 0.01–7.69no recov.0/431/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)9%0.91 · 0.06–14.01no recov.1/431/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)9%0.91 · 0.06–14.01no recov.1/431/39 Zhang (RCT)92%0.08 · 0.00–1.34severe case0/656/65 Zhang (RCT)48%0.52 · 0.32–0.85no recov.65 (n)65 (n) Zhang (RCT)40%0.60 · 0.34–1.05no recov.65 (n)65 (n) Zhang (RCT)61%0.39 · 0.23–0.68no recov.65 (n)65 (n) Zhang (RCT)53%0.47 · 0.32–0.68viral+65 (n)65 (n) Tanwettiyanont−26%1.26 · 0.74–2.17progression37/35122/254 Prempree19%0.81 · 0.48–1.38viral+13/3016/30OT1
00.511.52+
1 OT: comparison with other treatment
Rotate screen for more detailsIncrease width for more details
← Andrographolide
reduces risk
Andrographolide
increases risk →
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
Loading..
Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.