Supplementary Data — Andrographolide for COVID-19: real-time meta-analysis of 7 studies

October 2026

Andrographolide COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR ยท 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk
Wanaratna (DB RCT)86%0.14 ยท 0.01โ€“2.61progression0/293/28 Wanaratna (DB RCT)40%0.60 ยท 0.33โ€“1.09viral+10/2916/28 Siripong.. (DB RCT)50%0.50 ยท 0.05โ€“5.39hosp.1/732/73APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)50%0.50 ยท 0.05โ€“5.39hosp.1/732/73APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)86%0.14 ยท 0.01โ€“2.72oxygen0/733/73APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)49%0.51 ยท 0.05โ€“5.47progression1/712/72APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)37%0.63 ยท 0.31โ€“1.30no recov.10/7116/72APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)4%0.96 ยท 0.81โ€“1.15no recov.54/7157/72APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)33%0.67 ยท 0.34โ€“1.30no recov.71 (n)72 (n)APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)โˆ’5%1.05 ยท 0.92โ€“1.19viral load71 (n)72 (n)APFaVi Siripong.. (DB RCT)โˆ’13%1.13 ยท 0.88โ€“1.46viral load71 (n)72 (n)APFaVi Kanokkan.. (DB RCT)51%0.49 ยท 0.15โ€“1.58progression4/838/82 Kanokkan.. (DB RCT)8%0.92 ยท 0.79โ€“1.06no recov.64/8369/82 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)37%0.63 ยท 0.45โ€“0.87no recov.43 (n)39 (n) Prasoppokak.. (RCT)18%0.82 ยท 0.39โ€“1.73no recov.10/4311/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)46%0.54 ยท 0.32โ€“0.91no recov.13/4322/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)55%0.45 ยท 0.04โ€“4.81no recov.1/432/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)40%0.60 ยท 0.11โ€“3.43no recov.2/433/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)30%0.70 ยท 0.35โ€“1.41no recov.10/4313/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)42%0.58 ยท 0.25โ€“1.34no recov.7/4311/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)45%0.55 ยท 0.23โ€“1.32no recov.43 (n)39 (n) Prasoppokak.. (RCT)55%0.45 ยท 0.04โ€“4.81no recov.1/432/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)48%0.52 ยท 0.16โ€“1.64no recov.4/437/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)68%0.32 ยท 0.01โ€“7.69no recov.0/431/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)9%0.91 ยท 0.06โ€“14.01no recov.1/431/39 Prasoppokak.. (RCT)9%0.91 ยท 0.06โ€“14.01no recov.1/431/39 Zhang (RCT)92%0.08 ยท 0.00โ€“1.34severe case0/656/65 Zhang (RCT)48%0.52 ยท 0.32โ€“0.85no recov.65 (n)65 (n) Zhang (RCT)40%0.60 ยท 0.34โ€“1.05no recov.65 (n)65 (n) Zhang (RCT)61%0.39 ยท 0.23โ€“0.68no recov.65 (n)65 (n) Zhang (RCT)53%0.47 ยท 0.32โ€“0.68viral+65 (n)65 (n) Tanwettiyanontโˆ’26%1.26 ยท 0.74โ€“2.17progression37/35122/254 Prempree19%0.81 ยท 0.48โ€“1.38viral+13/3016/30OT1
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1 OT: comparison with other treatment
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โ† Andrographolide
reduces risk
Andrographolide
increases risk โ†’
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.