Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All vitamin D studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchVitamin DVitamin D (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Azvudine Meta
Bromhexine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Curcumin Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   
0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Mortality 43% Improvement Relative Risk ICU admission 7% Vitamin D for COVID-19  Alzahrani et al.  Sufficiency Are vitamin D levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes? Retrospective 257 patients in Saudi Arabia (March 2020 - July 2021) Lower mortality with higher vitamin D levels (not stat. sig., p=0.46) c19early.org Alzahrani et al., Cureus, June 2022 Favors vitamin D Favors control

The Association Between Vitamin D Serum Level and COVID-19 Patients’ Outcomes in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Alzahrani et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.26266
Jun 2022  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All   Meta
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020
 
*, now known with p < 0.00000000001 from 120 studies, recognized in 7 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. * >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.
3,900+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 545 hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia, showing higher mortality with vitamin D deficiency, without statistical significance.
This is the 138th of 194 COVID-19 sufficiency studies for vitamin D, which collectively show higher levels reduce risk with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 2470 vigintillion).
risk of death, 42.5% lower, OR 0.57, p = 0.46, high D levels (≥25ng/mL) 179, low D levels (<25ng/mL) 78, adjusted per study, inverted to make OR<1 favor high D levels (≥25ng/mL), multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
risk of ICU admission, 7.4% lower, OR 0.93, p = 0.80, high D levels (≥25ng/mL) 179, low D levels (<25ng/mL) 78, adjusted per study, inverted to make OR<1 favor high D levels (≥25ng/mL), multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Alzahrani et al., 23 Jun 2022, retrospective, Saudi Arabia, peer-reviewed, mean age 54.3, 9 authors, study period March 2020 - July 2021. Contact: aymalje@gmail.com.
This PaperVitamin DAll
The Association Between Vitamin D Serum Level and COVID-19 Patients’ Outcomes in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Mahmoud A Alzahrani, Faisal Almalki, Ayman Aljohani, Bassam Alharbi, Bandar Alsulami, Ahmed Alhaddad, Alaa Althubaiti, Bader Khawaji, Fayssal Farahat
Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.26266
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk for immune-mediated inflammatory reactions in various respiratory infections. Our study investigated the association between vitamin D deficiency and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients' outcomes. We included 545 patients who were admitted to a tertiary center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from March 2020 to July 2021 with a vitamin D serum test result at the time of infection or prior to disease onset. The data were extracted retrospectively using a data collection sheet. Our primary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality. The cut-off values for vitamin D were <25, 25-49, and 50-250 for deficient, suboptimal, and optimal levels respectively. Our result revealed that there is no association between vitamin D serum levels deficiency and ICU admission (OR=1.08, p=0.75) or in-hospital mortality (OR=1.74, p=0.97). ICU admission and in-hospital mortality percentages in patients with vitamin D deficiency were 14.1% and 6.4%, respectively. In comparison, percentages for patients with optimal levels were 16.67% and 6.15% for ICU admission and inhospital mortality, respectively. Smoking was not associated with ICU admission (p=0.05) or in-hospital mortality (p=0.38). Our study does not support a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 patients' outcomes. Future studies should be directed toward conducting randomized clinical trials to determine whether vitamin D has an effective role in reducing COVID-19 severity.
Additional Information Disclosures Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) issued approval SP21J/251/05. "After reviewing your submitted research proposal/protocol and related documents, the IRB has APPROVED the submission". Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.
References
Abrishami, Dalili, Torbati, Asgari, Arab-Ahmadi et al., Possible association of vitamin D status with lung involvement and outcome in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study, Eur J Nutr, doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02411-0
Al-Alyani, Ha, On, Alani, Sadat-Ali, Vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabians: a reality or simply hype: a meta-analysis (2008-2015), J Family Community Med, doi:10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_73_17
Alkhafaji, Argan, Albaker, The impact of vitamin D level on the severity and outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease, Int J Gen Med, doi:10.2147/IJGM.S346169
Bishop, Ismailova, Dimeloe, Hewison, White, Vitamin D and immune regulation: antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, JBMR Plus, doi:10.1002/jbm4.10405
Bozzetto, Carraro, Giordano, Boner, Baraldi, Asthma, allergy and respiratory infections: the vitamin D hypothesis, Allergy, doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02711.x
Brodin, Immune determinants of COVID-19 disease presentation and severity, Nat Med, doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01202-8
Cereda, Bogliolo, Klersy, Vitamin D 25OH deficiency in COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital, Clin Nutr, doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.055
Chen, Wu, Guo, Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019, J Clin Invest, doi:10.1172/JCI137244
Daneshkhah, Agrawal, Eshein, Subramanian, Roy et al., Evidence for possible association of vitamin D status with cytokine storm and unregulated inflammation in COVID-19 patients, Aging Clin Exp Res, doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01677-y
Hastie, Mackay, Ho, Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank, Diabetes Metab Syndr, doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.050
Holick, Vitamin D deficiency, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMra070553
Inamo, Hasegawa, Saito, Serum vitamin D concentrations and associated severity of acute lower respiratory tract infections in Japanese hospitalized children, Pediatr Int, doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03224.x
Laird, Mcnulty, Ward, Vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation in older Irish adults, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3507
Mutair, Alhumaid, Alhuqbani, Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: an observational cohort study, Eur J Med Res, doi:10.1186/s40001-020-00462-x
Nicola, Alsafi, Sohrabi, The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): a review, Int J Surg, doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
Nm, Vitamin D in Saudi Arabia: prevalence, distribution and disease associations, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.017
Pereira, Damascena, Azevedo, De Almeida Oliveira, Da et al., Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis, Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1841090
Perlman, Another decade, another coronavirus, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMe2001126
Prietl, Treiber, Pieber, Amrein, Vitamin D and immune function, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu5072502
Rabenberg, Scheidt-Nave, Busch, Rieckmann, Hintzpeter et al., Vitamin D status among adults in Germany--results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1), BMC Public Health, doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2016-7
Radujkovic, Hippchen, Tiwari-Heckler, Dreher, Boxberger, Vitamin D deficiency and outcome of COVID-19 patients, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12092757
Szeto, Zucker, Lasota, Rubin, Walker et al., Vitamin D status and COVID-19 clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients, Endocr Res, doi:10.1080/07435800.2020.1867162
Tsiaras, Weinstock, Factors influencing vitamin D status, Acta Derm Venereol, doi:10.2340/00015555-0980
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit