Effects of Vitamin C Supplements on Clinical Outcomes and Hospitalization Duration for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 12]], 'date-time': '2024-11-12T05:14:27Z', 'timestamp': 1731388467810, 'version': '3.28.0'}, 'reference-count': 62, 'publisher': 'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 11]], 'date-time': '2024-11-11T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1731283200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100018542', 'name': 'Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['2022NSFSC1587'], 'id': [{'id': '10.13039/501100018542', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Context</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Vitamin\u2009C has been used as an essential antioxidant to reduce ' 'the inflammatory response associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome ' 'in patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but its effect on clinical outcomes ' 'remains controversial and inconclusive.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Objective</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and ' 'systematic review to assess the effects of vitamin\u2009C supplementation on the severity of ' 'COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Data Sources</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, CSTJ, Wan ' 'fang, and CBM databases were searched for publications between January 2020 and December 2023 ' 'that met the inclusion criteria.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Data Extraction</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>The meta-analyses of outcomes in more than one study were performed ' 'using Review Manager software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. A ' 'randomized controlled trial, cohort studies, and retrospective studies in which vitamin\u2009' 'C supplementation was supplemented as monotherapy or in combination, compared with placebo, ' 'no treatment, or other standard treatment without vitamin\u2009C were included.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Data Analysis</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>After screening, 22 studies, with a total of 6831 patients, were ' 'selected for assessment. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated using fixed- and ' 'random-effects models. The meta-analysis showed significant effects of vitamin\u2009C on ' 'alleviating clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (OR\u2009=\u20090.76, 95% CI\u2009' '=\u20090.65–0.89, P\u2009=\u2009.0007) but no shortening of the length of hospitalization ' '(OR\u2009=\u20091.16, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009−0.13–2.44, P\u2009=\u2009.08) compared with the ' 'control group. Notably, vitamin\u2009C supplements significantly reduced the mortality risk ' '(OR\u2009=\u20090.64, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.51–0.80, P\u2009=\u2009.0001) and the incidence of ' 'severity (OR\u2009=\u20090.59, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.43–0.80, P\u2009=\u2009.0006) in COVID-19 ' 'patients.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>The findings suggest that vitamin\u2009C supplements may have a ' 'beneficial effect on clinical outcomes, as well as reducing severity and mortality in ' 'COVID-19 patients, but more clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the ' 'role of vitamin\u2009C in treating COVID-19.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023491517.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1093/nutrit/nuae154', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 11]], 'date-time': '2024-11-11T16:10:57Z', 'timestamp': 1731341457000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Effects of Vitamin C Supplements on Clinical Outcomes and Hospitalization Duration for Patients ' 'with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', 'prefix': '10.1093', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Maorong', 'family': 'Qin', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Health Management, Xihua University , Chengdu 610039,', 'place': ['China']}]}, { 'given': 'Kun', 'family': 'Xu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Health Management, Xihua University , Chengdu 610039,', 'place': ['China']}]}, { 'given': 'Zhuo', 'family': 'Chen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Xinqiao Stomatological Hospital Co., Ltd , Chengdu 610093,', 'place': ['China']}]}, { 'given': 'Xiaojie', 'family': 'Wen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Health Management, Xihua University , Chengdu 610039,', 'place': ['China']}]}, { 'given': 'Yifu', 'family': 'Tang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Health Management, Xihua University , Chengdu 610039,', 'place': ['China']}]}, { 'given': 'Yangyu', 'family': 'Gao', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Health Management, Xihua University , Chengdu 610039,', 'place': ['China']}]}, { 'given': 'Hao', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North ' 'Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong 637199,', 'place': ['China']}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1860-4764', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Xingming', 'family': 'Ma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Health Management, Xihua 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