Supplementary Data — Nafamostat reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta-analysis of 7 studies

@CovidAnalysis, October 2026, Version 1V1
c19early.org
October 2026

Nafamostat COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk
Okugawa (RCT)33%0.67 · 0.50–0.89viral load19 (n)10 (n) Okugawa (RCT)60%0.40 · 0.19–0.83viral load19 (n)10 (n) Zhuravel (RCT)76%0.24 · 0.03–2.08death1/524/50 Zhuravel (RCT)42%0.58 · 0.23–1.47no improv.6/5210/50 Zhuravel (RCT)42%0.58 · 0.23–1.47no recov.6/5210/50 Zhuravel (RCT)41%0.59 · 0.32–1.09no recov.52 (n)50 (n) Inokuchi−27%1.27 · 0.61–2.64death121 (n)15,738 (n) Quinn (RCT)0%1.00 · 0.23–4.40death3/213/21DEFINE Quinn (RCT)−48%1.48 · 0.81–2.69hosp. time21 (n)21 (n)DEFINE Soma80%0.20 · 0.01–4.11death0/312/33 Soma−6%1.06 · 0.51–2.20severe case10/3110/33 Seccia (DB RCT)67%0.33 · 0.02–7.02death0/71/7RACONA Seccia (DB RCT)20%0.80 · 0.36–1.77no recov.4/75/7RACONA Morpeth (RCT)55%0.45 · 0.14–1.42ventilation4/828/73ASCOT Morpeth (RCT)57%0.43 · 0.13–1.29progression4/828/73ASCOT Morpeth (RCT)28%0.72 · 0.36–1.45no recov.82 (n)73 (n)ASCOT
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← Nafamostat
reduces riskNafamostat
increases risk →
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.