Minerals and Antioxidant Micronutrients Levels and Clinical Outcome in Older Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 during the First Wave of the Pandemic
Clément Lahaye, François Parant, Julie Haesebaert, Karine Goldet, Lamia Bendim’red, Laetitia Henaff, Mitra Saadatian-Elahi, Philippe Vanhems, Charlotte Cuerq, Thomas Gilbert, Emilie Blond, Muriel Bost, Marc Bonnefoy
Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu15061516
Excessive inflammatory response has been implicated in severe respiratory forms of coronavirus disease 2019 . Trace elements such as zinc, selenium, and copper are known to modulate inflammation and immunity. This study aimed to assess the relationships between antioxidant vitamins and mineral trace elements levels as well as COVID-19 severity in older adults hospitalized. In this observational retrospective cohort study, the levels of zinc, selenium, copper, vitamin A, β-carotene, and vitamin E were measured in 94 patients within the first 15 days of hospitalization. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality secondary to COVID-19 or severe COVID-19. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to test whether the levels of vitamins and minerals were independently associated with severity. In this cohort (average age of 78 years), severe forms (46%) were associated with lower zinc (p = 0.012) and β-carotene (p < 0.001) concentrations, and in-hospital mortality (15%) was associated with lower zinc (p = 0.009), selenium (p = 0.014), vitamin A (p = 0.001), and β-carotene (p = 0.002) concentrations. In regression analysis, severe forms remained independently associated with lower zinc (aOR 2.13, p = 0.018) concentrations, and death was associated with lower vitamin A (aOR = 0.165, p = 0.021) concentrations. Low plasma concentrations of zinc and vitamin A were associated with poor prognosis in older people hospitalized with COVID-19.
Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:// www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/nu15061516/s1, Table S1 : Logistic regression analysis of association between the 41 severe COVID-19 and serum antioxidant micronutrients levels. Funding: This research received financial support from the Hospices Civils de Lyon (Lyon, France) within the framework of the Clinical Biology Department Call for Proposal (grant number NCT04877509) and the APC was funded by Hospices Civils de Lyon (Lyon, France).
Author
Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethical committee of the Hospices Civils de Lyon (protocol code 21_5067, the 30 December 2021). Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to ethical considerations, regarding personal information and respecting what was written in the generic information sheet dedicated to COVID-19 research at the Hospices Civils de Lyon (Lyon, France).
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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