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Chewable tablet with herbal extracts and propolis arrests Wuhan and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus

Karaoğlu et al., Journal of Functional Foods, doi:10.1016/j.jff.2023.105544
Apr 2023  
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In Vitro study showing that a chewable tablet containing green tea, bilberry, pomegranate peel, and propolis extracts inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan and omicron variants in Vero E6 cells. The tablet at 110μg/mL eliminated viral activity for both variants, while 55μg/mL reduced omicron efficacy by 81% and Wuhan by 35%. The combination of extracts was synergistically 7-fold more effective than individual extracts. The tablet also showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing nitric oxide and PGE2 levels in RAW 264.7 cells, analgesic activity, and anti-mutagenic effects in Salmonella strains without toxicity. Authors conclude the chewable tablet is safe and may help prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in the oral cavity.
6 preclinical studies support the efficacy of propolis for COVID-19:
In Silico studies predict inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 with propolis or metabolites via binding to the spikeA,1, MproB,1, and RNA-dependent RNA polymeraseC,1 proteins. Propolis may inhibit spike protein and ACE2 interaction4, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 through interactions with MAPK13, inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells at a concentration comparable to a combination of four antiviral components5, may mitigate hyperinflammation via STAT1, NOS2, and BTK targeting2, and may suppress Epstein-Barr Virus reactivation2.
Karaoğlu et al., 30 Apr 2023, peer-reviewed, 13 authors. Contact: cesarettin.alasalvar@tubitak.gov.tr.
In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
This PaperPropolisAll
Chewable tablet with herbal extracts and propolis arrests Wuhan and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus
Öznur Karaoğlu, Müge Serhatlı, Ebru Pelvan, Bülent Karadeniz, Ilknur Demirtas, Gamze Çakırca, Hande Sipahi, Yağmur Özhan, Gözdem Karapınar, Mohammad Charehsaz, Ahmet Aydın, Erdem Yesilada, Cesarettin Alasalvar
Journal of Functional Foods, doi:10.1016/j.jff.2023.105544
Prevention of COVID-19 is of paramount importance for public health. Some natural extracts might have the potential to suppress COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study aimed to design a standardised, efficient, and safe chewable tablet formulation (with propolis and three herbal extracts) for possible prevention against two variants (Wuhan B.1.36 and Omicron BA.1.1) of SARS-CoV-2 virus and other viral infections. Green tea, bilberry, dried pomegranate peel, and propolis extracts were selected for this purpose. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of each component, as well as the developed chewable tablet, were examined against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus using Vero E6 cells with the xCELLigence real-time cell analysermultiple plates system. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, as well as mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the chewable tablet were also analysed. Compared to the control, it was observed that the chewable tablet at concentrations of 110 and 55 µg/mL had antiviral activity rates of 101% and 81%, respectively, for the Wuhan variant and 112% and 35%, respectively, for the Omicron variant. The combination of herbal extracts with propolis extract were synergically more effective (~7-fold higher) than that of individual extract. The present work suggests that a combination of herbal extracts with propolis at suitable concentrations can effectively be used as a food supplement for the prevention of both variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the oral cavity (the first entry point of the SARS-CoV-2 virus).
Ethic Statement There are no human clinical trial in this study. CRediT authorship contribution statement Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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