Countercurrent chromatography isolation of green propolis biomarkers: potential blockers of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and ACE2 interaction

dos Santos et al., Journal of Chromatography A, doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465265

Aug 2024

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In Vitro study showing potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2 interaction by artepillin C and baccharin from Brazilian green propolis. Artepillin C showed 67.3% inhibition of Spike:ACE2 interaction at 10 μM, while baccharin showed 51% inhibition.

6 preclinical studies support the efficacy of propolis for COVID-19:

3 In Silico studies1-3

3 In Vitro studies1,4,5

In Silico studies predict inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 with propolis or metabolites via binding to the spikeA,1, M^proB,1, and RNA-dependent RNA polymeraseC,1 proteins. Propolis may inhibit spike protein and ACE2 interaction4, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 through interactions with MAPK13, inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells at a concentration comparable to a combination of four antiviral components5, may mitigate hyperinflammation via STAT1, NOS2, and BTK targeting2, and may suppress Epstein-Barr Virus reactivation2.

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

1. Al balawi et al., Assessing multi-target antiviral and antioxidant activities of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2: an integrated in vitro and in silico study, Bioresources and Bioprocessing, doi:10.1186/s40643-024-00822-z.springeropen.com, doi.org.

2. Anshori et al., Uncovering the Therapeutic Potential of Propolis Extract in Managing Hyperinflammation and Long COVID‐19: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Study, Chemistry & Biodiversity, doi:10.1002/cbdv.202401947.wiley.com, doi.org.

3. Siregar et al., Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Nutraceutical Compounds from Propolis on MAPK1 Protein Using Bioinformatics Approaches as Anti-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), BIO Web of Conferences, doi:10.1051/bioconf/20248800007.bio-conferences.org, doi.org.

4. dos Santos et al., Countercurrent chromatography isolation of green propolis biomarkers: potential blockers of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and ACE2 interaction, Journal of Chromatography A, doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465265.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

5. Karaoğlu et al., Chewable tablet with herbal extracts and propolis arrests Wuhan and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus, Journal of Functional Foods, doi:10.1016/j.jff.2023.105544.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

a. The trimeric spike (S) protein is a glycoprotein that mediates viral entry by binding to the host ACE2 receptor, is critical for SARS-CoV-2's ability to infect host cells, and is a target of neutralizing antibodies. Inhibition of the spike protein prevents viral attachment, halting infection at the earliest stage.

b. The main protease or M^pro, also known as 3CL^pro or nsp5, is a cysteine protease that cleaves viral polyproteins into functional units needed for replication. Inhibiting M^pro disrupts the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle within the host cell, preventing the creation of new copies.

c. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), also called nsp12, is the core enzyme of the viral replicase-transcriptase complex that copies the positive-sense viral RNA genome into negative-sense templates for progeny RNA synthesis. Inhibiting RdRp blocks viral genome replication and transcription.

dos Santos et al., 13 Aug 2024, peer-reviewed, 9 authors.

In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.

This Paper Propolis All

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