Zinc Acetate Lozenges May Improve the Recovery Rate of Common Cold Patients: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 3, 21]], 'date-time': '2023-03-21T08:54:58Z', 'timestamp': 1679388898431}, 'reference-count': 31, 'publisher': 'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 'issue': '2', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2017, 4, 3]], 'date-time': '2017-04-03T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1491177600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 92, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2017, 4, 1]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>A previous meta-analysis of 3 zinc acetate lozenge trials estimated ' 'that colds were on average 40% shorter for the zinc groups. However, the duration of colds is ' 'a time outcome, and survival analysis may be a more informative approach. The objective of ' 'this individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was to estimate the effect of zinc acetate ' 'lozenges on the rate of recovery from colds.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>We analyzed IPD for 3 randomized placebo-controlled trials in which ' '80–92 mg/day of elemental zinc were administered as zinc acetate lozenges to 199 common cold ' 'patients. We used mixed-effects Cox regression to estimate the effect of zinc.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Patients administered zinc lozenges recovered faster by rate ratio ' '3.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.1–4.7). The effect was not modified by age, sex, race, ' 'allergy, smoking, or baseline common cold severity. On the 5th day, 70% of the zinc patients ' 'had recovered compared with 27% of the placebo patients. Accordingly, 2.6 times more patients ' 'were cured in the zinc group. The difference also corresponds to the number needed to treat ' 'of 2.3 on the 5th day. None of the studies observed serious adverse effects of ' 'zinc.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>The 3-fold increase in the rate of recovery from the common cold is ' 'a clinically important effect. The optimal formulation of zinc lozenges and an ideal ' 'frequency of their administration should be examined. Given the evidence of efficacy, common ' 'cold patients may be instructed to try zinc acetate lozenges within 24 hours of onset of ' 'symptoms.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1093/ofid/ofx059', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2017, 4, 6]], 'date-time': '2017-04-06T00:23:42Z', 'timestamp': 1491438222000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 31, 'title': 'Zinc Acetate Lozenges May Improve the Recovery Rate of Common Cold Patients: An Individual ' 'Patient Data Meta-Analysis', 'prefix': '10.1093', 'volume': '4', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Harri', 'family': 'Hemilä', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland'}]}, { 'given': 'James T.', 'family': 'Fitzgerald', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan ' 'Medical School, Ann Arbor'}]}, { 'given': 'Edward J.', 'family': 'Petrus', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Applied Medical Research, Austin, Texas; and'}]}, { 'given': 'Ananda', 'family': 'Prasad', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of ' 'Medicine, Detroit, Michigan'}]}], 'member': '286', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2017, 4, 3]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '2020081005074183300_CIT0001', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '482', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.017', 'article-title': 'Zinc lozenges as cure for the common cold—a review and hypothesis', 'volume': '74', 'author': 'Eby', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Med Hypotheses'}, { 'key': '2020081005074183300_CIT0002', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '51', 'DOI': '10.2174/1874306401105010051', 'article-title': 'Zinc lozenges may shorten the duration of colds: a systematic review', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Hemilä', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Open Respir Med J'}, { 'key': '2020081005074183300_CIT0003', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '24', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12875-015-0237-6', 'article-title': 'The effectiveness of high dose zinc acetate lozenges on various common ' 'cold symptoms: a meta-analysis', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Hemilä', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'BMC Fam Pract'}, { 'key': '2020081005074183300_CIT0004', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1393', 'DOI': '10.1111/bcp.13057', 'article-title': 'Zinc acetate lozenges for treating the common cold: an individual ' 'patient data meta-analysis', 'volume': '82', 'author': 'Hemilä', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Br J Clin Pharmacol'}, { 'key': '2020081005074183300_CIT0005', 'first-page': 'CD001364', 'article-title': 'Zinc for the common cold', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Singh', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev'}, { 'key': '2020081005074183300_CIT0006', 'volume-title': 'Concerns about unattributed copying of text and data, and about numerous ' 'other problems in the Cochrane review “Zinc for the Common Cold” by ' 'Singh M, Das RR (2013)', 'author': 'Hemilä', 'year': '2015'}, { 'key': '2020081005074183300_CIT0007', 'first-page': 'CD001364', 'article-title': 'WITHDRAWN: Zinc for the common cold', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Singh', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev'}, { 'key': '2020081005074183300_CIT0008', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '605', 'DOI': '10.1128/AAC.32.4.605', 'article-title': 'Zinc for the common cold', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'Godfrey', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob Agents Chemother'}, { 'key': '2020081005074183300_CIT0009', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1520', 'DOI': '10.1086/320177', 'article-title': 'Elimination of efficacy by additives in zinc acetate lozenges for ' 'common colds', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'Eby', 'year': '2001', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '2020081005074183300_CIT0010', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '23', 'DOI': '10.1023/B:BIRE.0000037754.71063.41', 'article-title': 'Zinc lozenges: cold cure or candy? 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