Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchFluvoxamineFluvoxamine (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Old drug fluvoxamine, new hope for COVID-19

Hashimoto et al., European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, doi:10.1007/s00406-021-01326-z
Sep 2021  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
27th treatment shown to reduce risk in November 2021, now with p = 0.00014 from 21 studies, recognized in 3 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 111 treatments. c19early.org
Review of research supporting the use of fluvoxamine for COVID-19. Authors note the favorable safety profiles, widespread availability, very low cost, and oral administration.
Reviews covering fluvoxamine for COVID-19 include1-7.
Hashimoto et al., 2 Sep 2021, peer-reviewed, 3 authors.
This PaperFluvoxamineAll
Abstract: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-021-01326-z LETTER TO THE EDITOR Old drug fluvoxamine, new hope for COVID‑19 Yaeko Hashimoto1,2 · Takuji Suzuki1 · Kenji Hashimoto2 Received: 24 August 2021 / Accepted: 27 August 2021 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARSCoV-2. Despite the second vaccination for SARS-CoV-2, the number of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants (i.e., delta and lambda) has markedly increased worldwide. Although approximately 80% of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 is mild to moderate, a part of them may convert to severe clinical stages in about 1 week, ultimately resulting in the intubation or death. Using drug repurposing, it is, therefore, necessary to discover drugs that can prevent clinical deterioration [1]. Here, we discuss the emergent use of the old antidepressant fluvoxamine which may block clinical deterioration in mild to moderate patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. In November 2020, Dr. Lenze and his colleagues reported that fluvoxamine could prevent clinical deterioration in adult outpatients infected with SARS-CoV-2. In the study, clinical deterioration occurred in 0 of the fluvoxamine group (n = 80) and in 6 of placebo group (n = 72) [2]. Although sample size of this study was small, this study strongly encouraged further trials using a large sample size. In February 2021, Dr. Seftel and his colleague reported a prospective, non-randomized observational cohort study of fluvoxamine in outpatients (n = 113) infected with SARS-CoV-2 at the Golden Gate Fields horse racing track in Berkeley, California [3]. Incidence of hospitalization was 0 of the fluvoxamine-treated group (n = 65) and 6 of the observation alone group (n = 48). Two patients required intensive care unit stay with mechanical ventilation, one of them died. On April 23, 2021, fluvoxamine was added in the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Guidelines Panel although there is insufficient evidence for the efficacy of fluvoxamine. * Kenji Hashimoto hashimoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp 1 Department of Respirology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan 2 Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1‑8‑1 Inohana, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan On August 6, 2021, the interim results of TOGETHER trial (NCT04727424) by a multinational group in Canada and Brazil were presented at the NIH symposium. They compared three compounds, fluvoxamine, the antidiabetic drug metformin, and the antiparasitic drug ivermectin. Although metformin and ivermectin did not show beneficial effects, fluvoxamine was much more promising. Among the randomized participants (n = 1,480), fluvoxamine significantly reduced the risk of disease progression by 29% (95% confidence interval 0.54–0.93) [4]. Detailed mechanisms of action of fluvoxamine for COVID-19 are currently unknown. In 1996, we reported that fluvoxamine binds to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein sigma-1 receptor with high affinity, suggesting a role of sigma-1 receptor in the mechanisms of its action [5]. Subsequent studies suggest that fluvoxamine is a potent agonist at sigma-1 receptor which plays a key role in inflammation [1, 5, 6]. Among the antidepressants, fluvoxamine was the most potent at sigma-1 receptor [1, 5, 6]. Furthermore, fluvoxamine has..
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 30]], 'date-time': '2024-01-30T00:20:35Z', 'timestamp': 1706574035553}, 'reference-count': 10, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 2]], 'date-time': '2021-09-02T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1630540800000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springer.com/tdm'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 2]], 'date-time': '2021-09-02T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1630540800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springer.com/tdm'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2022, 2]]}, 'DOI': '10.1007/s00406-021-01326-z', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 3]], 'date-time': '2021-09-03T22:22:38Z', 'timestamp': 1630707758000}, 'page': '161-163', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 17, 'title': 'Old drug fluvoxamine, new hope for COVID-19', 'prefix': '10.1007', 'volume': '272', 'author': [ {'given': 'Yaeko', 'family': 'Hashimoto', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Takuji', 'family': 'Suzuki', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8892-0439', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Kenji', 'family': 'Hashimoto', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 2]]}, 'reference': [ { 'issue': '1', 'key': '1326_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '249', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00406-020-01231-x', 'volume': '271', 'author': 'K Hashimoto', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Hashimoto K (2021) Repurposing of CNS drugs to treat COVID-19 infection: ' 'targeting the sigma-1 receptor. Eur Arch psychiatry Clin Neurosci ' '271(1):249–258', 'journal-title': 'Eur Arch psychiatry Clin Neurosci'}, { 'issue': '22', 'key': '1326_CR2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2292', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.22760', 'volume': '324', 'author': 'E Lenze', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Lenze E, Mattar C, Zorumski CF, Stevens A, Schweiger J, Nicol GE, Miller ' 'JP, Yang L, Yingling M, Avidan MS, Reiersen AM (2020) Fluvoxamine vs ' 'placebo and clinical deterioration in outpatients with symptomatic ' 'COVID-19. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 324(22):2292–2300', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '1326_CR3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/ofid/ofab050', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'D Seftel', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Seftel D, Boulware DR (2021) Prospective cohort of fluvoxamine for early ' 'treatment of coronavirus disease 19. Open Forum Infect Dis 8(2):ofab050', 'journal-title': 'Open Forum Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '1326_CR4', 'unstructured': 'Sax PE (2021) Could this be our first effective, inexpensive, widely ' 'available outpatient treatment for COVID-19? NEJM J Watch. ' 'https://blogs.jwatch.org/hiv-id-observations/index.php/could-this-be-our-first-effective-inexpensive-widely-available-outpatient-treatment-for-covid-19/2021/08/12/'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '1326_CR5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '117', 'DOI': '10.1016/0014-2999(96)00254-3', 'volume': '307', 'author': 'N Narita', 'year': '1996', 'unstructured': 'Narita N, Hashimoto K, Tomitaka S, Minabe Y (1996) Interaction of ' 'selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with subtypes of sigma receptors ' 'in rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 307(1):117–119', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '1326_CR6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '6', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jphs.2014.11.010', 'volume': '127', 'author': 'K Hashimoto', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Hashimoto K (2015) Activation of sigma-1 receptor chaperone in the ' 'treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases and its clinical implication. J ' 'Pharmacol Sci 127(1):6–9', 'journal-title': 'J Pharmacol Sci'}, { 'key': '1326_CR7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '652688', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2021.652688', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'VP Sukhatme', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Sukhatme VP, Reiersen AM, Vayttaden SJ, Sukhatme V (2021) Fluvoxamine: a ' 'review of its mechanisms of actions and its role in COVID-19. Front ' 'Pharmacol 12:652688', 'journal-title': 'Front Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '6521', 'key': '1326_CR8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.abe9403', 'volume': '370', 'author': 'DE Gordon', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Gordon DE, Hiatt J, Bouhaddou M, Rezelj VV, Ulferts S, Braberg H, Jureka ' 'AS, Obernier K, Guo JZ, Batra J, Kaake RM, Weckstein AR, Owens TW, Gupta ' 'M, Pourmal S, Titus EW, Cakir M, Soucheray M, McGregor M, Cakir Z, Jang ' 'G, O’Meara MJ, Tummino TA, Zhang Z, Foussard H, Rojc A, Zhou Y, Kuchenov ' 'D, Hüttenhain R, Xu J, Eckhardt M, Swaney DL, Fabius JM, Ummadi M, ' 'Tutuncuoglu B, Rathore U, Modak M, Haas P, Haas KM, Naing ZZC, Pulido ' 'EH, Shi Y, Barrio-Hernandez I, Memon D, Petsalaki E, Dunham A, Marrero ' 'MC, Burke D, Koh C, Vallet T, Silvas JA, Azumaya CM, Billesbølle C, ' 'Brilot AF, Campbell MG, Diallo A, Dickinson MS, Diwanji D, Herrera N, ' 'Hoppe N, Kratochvil HT, Liu Y, Merz GE, Moritz M, Nguyen HC, Nowotny C, ' 'Puchades C, Rizo AN, Schulze-Gahmen U, Smith AM, Sun M, Young ID, Zhao ' 'J, Asarnow D, Biel J, Bowen A, Braxton JR, Chen J, Chio CM, Chio US, ' 'Deshpande I, Doan L, Faust B, Flores S, Jin M, Kim K, Lam VL, Li F, Li ' 'J, Li YL, Li Y, Liu X, Lo M, Lopez KE, Melo AA, Moss FR 3rd, Nguyen P, ' 'Paulino J, Pawar KI, Peters JK, Pospiech TH Jr, Safari M, Sangwan S, ' 'Schaefer K, Thomas PV, Thwin AC, Trenker R, Tse E, Tsui TKM, Wang F, ' 'Whitis N, Yu Z, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Saltzberg D, QCRG Structural ' 'Biology Consortium, Hodder AJ, Shun-Shion AS, Williams DM, White KM, ' 'Rosales R, Kehrer T, Miorin L, Moreno E, Patel AH, Rihn S, Khalid MM, ' 'Vallejo-Gracia A, Fozouni P, Simoneau CR, Roth TL, Wu D, Karim MA, ' 'Ghoussaini M, Dunham I, Berardi F, Weigang S, Chazal M, Park J, Logue J, ' 'McGrath M, Weston S, Haupt R, Hastie CJ, Elliott M, Brown F, Burness KA, ' 'Reid E, Dorward M, Johnson C, Wilkinson SG, Geyer A, Giesel DM, Baillie ' 'C, Raggett S, Leech H, Toth R, Goodman N, Keough KC, Lind AL, Zoonomia ' 'Consortium, Klesh RJ, Hemphill KR, Carlson-Stevermer J, Oki J, Holden K, ' 'Maures T, Pollard KS, Sali A, Agard DA, Cheng Y, Fraser JS, Frost A, ' 'Jura N, Kortemme T, Manglik A, Southworth DR, Stroud RM, Alessi DR, ' 'Davies P, Frieman MB, Ideker T, Abate C, Jouvenet N, Kochs G, Shoichet ' 'B, Ott M, Palmarini M, Shokat KM, García-Sastre A, Rassen JA, Grosse R, ' 'Rosenberg OS, Verba KA, Basler CF, Vignuzzi M, Peden AA, Beltrao P, ' 'Krogan NJ (2020) Comparative host-coronavirus protein interaction ' 'networks reveal pan-viral disease mechanisms. Science 370(6521):eabe9403', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'issue': '478', 'key': '1326_CR9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1126/scitranslmed.aau5266', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'DA Rosen', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Rosen DA, Seki SM, Fernández-Castañeda A, Beiter RM, Eccles JD, Woodfolk ' 'JA, Gaultier A (2019) Modulation of the sigma-1 receptor-IRE1 pathway is ' 'beneficial in preclinical models of inflammation and sepsis. Sci Transl ' 'Med 11(478):eaau5266', 'journal-title': 'Sci Transl Med'}, { 'key': '1326_CR10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1002/cpt.2317.10.1002/cpt.2317', 'author': 'N Hoertel', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Hoertel N, Sánchez-Rico M, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J, Carpinteiro A, Lenze ' 'EJ, Reiersen AM, Abellán M, de la Muela P, Vernet R, Blanco C, Cougoule ' 'C, Beeker N, Neuraz A, Gorwood P, Alvarado JM, Meneton P, Limosin F ' '(2021) AP-HP / Université de Paris / INSERM COVID-19 research ' 'collaboration, AP-HP COVID CDR Initiative, “Entrepôt de Données de ' 'Santé” AP-HP Consortium (in press) Association between FIASMAs and ' 'reduced risk of intubation or death in individuals hospitalized for ' 'severe COVID-19: an observational multicenter study. Clin Pharmacol ' 'Ther. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2317.10.1002/cpt.2317', 'journal-title': 'Clin Pharmacol Ther'}], 'container-title': 'European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00406-021-01326-z.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00406-021-01326-z/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00406-021-01326-z.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 1, 31]], 'date-time': '2022-01-31T16:11:23Z', 'timestamp': 1643645483000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00406-021-01326-z'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 2]]}, 'references-count': 10, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2022, 2]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['1326'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-021-01326-z', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0940-1334', '1433-8491'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 2]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '24 August 2021', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '27 August 2021', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '2 September 2021', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, {'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Declarations'}}, { 'value': 'Dr. Y. Hashimoto and Dr. Suzuki have no conflict of interest. Dr. K. Hashimoto ' 'has received speakers’ honoraria from Abbott and Meiji Seika.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Conflict of interest'}}, { 'value': 'This content has been made available to all.', 'name': 'free', 'label': 'Free to read'}]}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit