Association between vitamin D status and physical performance in COVID-19 survivors: Results from the Gemelli against COVID-19 post-acute care project
Vincenzo Galluzzo, Francesca Ciciarello, Matteo Tosato, Maria Beatrice Zazzara, Cristina Pais, Giulia Savera, Riccardo Calvani, Anna Picca, Emanuele Marzetti, Francesco Landi
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, doi:10.1016/j.mad.2022.111684
To determine the prevalence and associated factors of vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 survivors and the relationship between vitamin D status and physical performance. Methods: Vitamin D status was assessed in a sample of patients who had recovered from COVID-19 and were admitted to a post-acute outpatient service at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS (Rome, Italy). Participants were offered comprehensive medical assessment, including physical performance and muscle strength tests. Self-rated health was assessed. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum concentration of 25-OH vitamin D < 20 ng/mL. Results: Mean age of 681 participants was 53.4 ± 15.2 years and 49% were women. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 35.6% of the whole study population, and in 40.2% of those 65 and older. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with diabetes, higher body mass index, and COVID-19 severity, and showed a seasonal pattern with a peak in autumn/winter. Participants with vitamin D deficiency performed poorer on the six-minute walking test, with the lowest performance observed in those 65 and older. No significant associations with any other parameters were found. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that vitamin D deficiency is frequent in COVID-19 survivors, especially in older adults. Low vitamin D levels are associated with poor physical performance, in particular in old age.
Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Rome, Italy).
Consent for publication The author gives consent for publication of this paper.
Competing interests None of the members of the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group has any conflict of interest.
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