Supplementary Data — Sunlight reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta analysis of 5 studies

@CovidAnalysis, December 2025, Version 4V4
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Pereira (SB RCT) 32% 0.68 [0.50-0.94] hosp. time 15 (n) 15 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Pereira (SB RCT) 38% 0.62 [0.48-0.82] recov. time 15 (n) 15 (n) Cherrie 32% 0.68 [0.52-0.88] death n/a n/a per 100kJ m-2 increase Cherrie 29% 0.71 [0.60-0.85] death n/a n/a per 100kJ m-2 increase Cherrie 19% 0.81 [0.71-0.93] death n/a n/a per 100kJ m-2 increase Cherrie 49% 0.51 [0.39-0.66] death n/a n/a per 100kJ m-2 increase Ma 23% 0.77 [0.67-0.88] cases 411/10,393 495/9,142 Ma 23% 0.77 [0.67-0.89] cases 325/9,325 436/9,079 Jabbar 63% 0.37 [0.22-0.63] cases case control Kalichuran 58% 0.42 [0.23-0.76] symp. case 21 (n) 79 (n) Sunlight COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 Favors sun exposure Favors control
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.